吸烟和长寿:不相容的二项式?

L Tafaro, P Cicconetti, G Tedeschi, A Baratta, R Ursino, E Ettorre, V Marigliano
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引用次数: 21

摘要

在西方国家,临床和流行病学研究的数据促使公共卫生部门宣传大量减少吸烟的广告和宣传活动。吸烟显然与老年人最常见的死亡原因有关,并导致与该年龄组常见的许多慢性疾病相关的较高死亡率和残疾率。吸烟与高血压和糖尿病等其他危险因素相结合,增加了高频疾病、残疾,也增加了死亡率。为了验证健康的生活方式是否真的有利于长寿,以及吸烟多少与极端长寿不相容,我们调查了吸烟者的流行程度,以及百岁老人样本中吸烟的总暴露量与剩余生存和健康状况的关系。我们的样本包括157名生活在罗马的百岁老人,其中男性39人,女性118人(比例m/f =1:3),平均年龄为101.59±1.8岁(+/- sd), 83.8%的百岁老人从不吸烟,13.5%是前吸烟者,2.7%是活跃吸烟者。平均开始吸烟年龄为21.2岁,平均戒烟年龄为65.7岁,平均吸烟年龄44.7±17.1岁。平均每天吸烟的数量很低,不到10支,所以总平均吸烟数量为158045支,远低于28万支,而28万支是许多研究中发现肿瘤的分界点。吸烟的性别结果似乎有显著差异(p < 0.001):男性百岁老人中吸烟的比例为46%,而女性百岁老人中吸烟的比例仅为8.1%。在65岁以上的百岁吸烟者中,慢性疾病的发生率有统计学意义(p < 0.02)。此外,Cox回归显示,百岁老人中吸烟者的生存率(20.7 +/- 11.2个月)低于不吸烟者(27.0 +/- 19.0个月)(p < 0.05)。总之,我们的研究证明,除了一些特殊的对象,吸烟对所有人都是有害的,它与成功的衰老不相容,甚至会损害寿命,即使是非常长寿的人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Smoking and longevity: an incompatible binomial?

In Western countries data from clinical and epidemiological studies have induced the public health offices to promote a great deal of advertising and informative campaigning for smoking reduction. Cigarette smoking has been clearly linked to the most common causes of death in the elderly and contributes to the higher death rate and disability rate associated with many chronic illnesses that are common in this age group. The combination of smoking along with other risk factors like hypertension and diabetes increase high frequency diseases, disability as well as adding to an increase in mortality rate. In order to verify if a healthy lifestyle really favors longevity and how much smoking is incompatible with extreme longevity we investigated the prevalence of smokers and the total smoking exposure of a sample of centenarians in relation with residual survival and health conditions. Our sample consists of 157 centenarians living in Rome, 39 males and 118 females (ratio m/f =1:3),mean age being 101.59 +/- 1.8 years (+/-SD), 83.8% of the centenarians have never smoked,13.5 % are former smokers, and 2.7% are active smokers. The average starting age of smoking is 21.2 years, while the average age of quitting is 65.7 years with an average of 44.7 +/- 17.1 smoking years. The average number of smoked cigarettes per day is quite low,less than 10 cigarettes, so that the total average number of smoked cigarettes is 158,045,well under 280,000 which is considered the cut-off point in many studies of when tumors are noticed. There seemed to be a significant difference (p < 0.001) in gender results in smokers: among male centenarians smokers reached 46%, while female smoker centenarians reached only 8.1%. Statistically significant chronic illnesses were noted among centenarian smokers over the age of 65 (p < 0.02). Moreover, Cox's regression has shown in centenarians a lower survival rate (p < 0.05) in smokers (20.7 +/- 11.2 months) than in non-smokers (27.0 +/- 19.0 months). In conclusion, our study evidences that smoking is for all but some exceptional subjects, incompatible with successful aging and compromises life expectancy even in extreme longevity.

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