神经递质在酒精依赖中的作用:动物研究。

P De Witte
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引用次数: 0

摘要

动物研究表明,酒精会改变大脑中的神经递质浓度。多巴胺、血清素、γ -氨基丁酸(GABA)、内源性阿片肽和去甲肾上腺素水平的变化与大脑中奖励中心的激活有关。人们认为,正是酒精的这一特性导致了酒精对大鼠的强化作用。一类神经递质,内源性阿片肽,被认为在酒精强化中起重要作用。这一观点得到了给予阿片类激动剂的大鼠对酒精消费偏好降低的支持。广泛分布的抑制性神经递质GABA也被认为在调节酒精的作用中起着重要作用。对动物酒精依赖机制的更好理解为开发阻断这些机制的药物干预提供了希望,这一方法目前正在人类身上进行探索。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of neurotransmitters in alcohol dependence: animal research.

Animal studies have demonstrated that alcohol changes neurotransmitter concentrations in the brain. These changes in levels of dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), endogenous opioid peptides, and noradrenaline are associated with activation of reward centres in the brain. It is this property of alcohol that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effect of alcohol consumption in rats. One class of neurotransmitters, the endogenous opioid peptides, are believed to play an important role in alcohol reinforcement. This view is supported by the reduced preference for alcohol consumption found in rats given an opiate agonist. The widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is also believed to play a fundamental role in mediating the effects of alcohol. A better understanding of the mechanisms that support alcohol dependence in animals offers hope for the development of pharmacological interventions to block these mechanisms, an approach that is now being explored in humans.

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