Pediatric HIV disease: new developments in treatment and prevention.

Despite the continued increase in the number of HIV-1-infected children, there is optimism that with the prospective identification of HIV-1-infected pregnant women, the incidence of infection can be diminished through prevention of mother-to-child transmission both by use of antiretroviral agents as well as by improved obstetrical management. Also, insight into viral dynamics and the advent of more potent antiretroviral agents provides hope for better treatment strategies and thus the ability to slow disease progression of HIV-1-infected children.