The effect of peer review on professionalism, autonomy, and accountability.

In this article, the authors describe the relevance and impact of peer review on professional nursing practice. The healthcare, business, education, and social science literature are reviewed. Although the benefits of peer review often are assumed to contribute to increased professionalism, autonomy, and accountability, there is little formal research evidence to support these assumptions. Regardless, empirical data show potential for increased professionalism, improved performance, and valuable feedback provided to nursing personnel. In addition, the authors explore the potential of peer review in developing and maintaining professional accountability among practicing staff nurses.