饮食对激素组织肿瘤的影响。

G N Rao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国,大约20%的死亡是由癌症造成的。女性的乳腺癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌和男性的前列腺癌等激素组织的癌症分别占总死亡率的8%和5%,占女性和男性癌症死亡率的30%和11%。饮食被认为是导致激素组织癌症的主要和重要的环境因素。女性的乳腺癌、子宫癌和卵巢癌以及男性的前列腺癌与高脂肪消耗、高体重、体脂和肥胖呈正相关。这些癌症发展的主要机制似乎是通过激素水平的增加,尤其是雌激素水平的增加来介导的。脂肪组织被认为是腺体外雌激素的主要来源之一,由雄激素前体的芳构化产生。体重减轻会降低雌激素水平,这可能是由于体内脂肪的减少,从而降低激素组织癌症的风险。膳食纤维可能通过影响雌激素的代谢、再循环和排泄来降低患这些癌症的风险。维生素A及其前体可以降低患前列腺癌的风险。碘缺乏可能增加人类和实验动物患甲状腺肿瘤的风险。激素组织肿瘤是实验室啮齿类动物,尤其是大鼠和小鼠中最常见的肿瘤。大鼠和小鼠乳腺和垂体前叶肿瘤的发病率与体重呈显著正相关。通过减少热量摄入或其他方式(如运动、增加纤维摄入量)来降低体重,可以显著降低这些肿瘤在实验室啮齿动物中的发病率。实验室研究表明,大鼠的乳腺肿瘤发病率可能与每天摄入的脂肪量无关。脂肪促进乳腺肿瘤的作用可能是由于复杂的相互作用,包括能量摄入和能量保留(体重),通过旁分泌、内分泌和神经激素机制介导。膳食蛋白质可能通过酶诱导影响化学物质的代谢来影响化学诱导肿瘤。因此,饮食等环境因素被认为是女性乳腺、子宫、卵巢等激素组织和男性前列腺等激素组织发生肿瘤的主要和重要因素。饮食和相关体重被认为是啮齿动物,特别是大鼠的乳腺和脑垂体等激素组织肿瘤的主要因素。在人类和实验动物中,改变饮食和减少热量摄入可显著降低激素组织肿瘤的发生率或延缓肿瘤的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influence of diet on tumors of hormonal tissues.

Approximately 20% of all deaths in the United States are due to cancer. Cancers of the hormonal tissues such as breast, uterus, ovary in women and prostate in men account for about 8% and 5% of total mortality and 30% and 11% of cancer mortality in women and men, respectively. Diet is considered to be a major and important environmental factor contributing to cancers of hormonal tissues. Breast, uterus, and ovary cancers in women and prostate cancers in men were positively correlated with high fat consumption, high body weight (body mass), body fat, and obesity. A major mechanism for development of these cancers appears to be mediated through increased levels of hormones, especially estrogens. Adipose tissue is considered to be one of the major sources of extraglandular estrogen, produced by aromatization of androgen precursors. Weight reduction decreases the estrogen levels possibly due to a decrease in body fat, thus decreasing the risk for cancers of the hormonal tissues. Dietary fiber may modify the risk for these cancers by influencing estrogen metabolism, recirculation, and excretion. Vitamin A and its precursors may decrease the risk for prostate cancer. Iodine deficiency may increase the risk for thyroid neoplasms in humans and experimental animals. Tumors of the hormonal tissues are the most common tumors in laboratory rodents, especially rats and mice. Incidences of mammary and anterior pituitary tumors had significant and positive correlation with body weight in rats and mice. Lowering the body weight by either decreased caloric intake or other means (e.g., exercise, increased fiber consumption) markedly lowered the incidences of these tumors in laboratory rodents. Laboratory studies indicated that mammary tumor rates in rats may not depend on the amount of fat consumed per day. The mammary tumor-promoting effect of fat may be due to complex interactions involving energy intake and energy retention (body mass) mediated through paracrine, endocrine, and neurohormonal mechanisms. Dietary protein may influence chemically induced tumors by affecting the metabolism of chemicals through enzyme induction. Thus, environmental factors such as diet are considered to be major and important factors for tumors of the hormonal tissues such as breast, uterus, and ovary in women and prostate in men. Diet and associated body weight are considered to be the major factors for tumors of hormonal tissues such as mammary and pituitary glands in rodents, especially rats. Modification of diet and a decrease in caloric intake may markedly decrease the incidence or delay the development of tumors of hormonal tissues in humans and in experimental animals.

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