Adrenal tumor complicating untreated 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a 5 1/2-year-old boy.

Objective: A 5 1/2-year-old boy presenting with virilization was diagnosed as having classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency complicated by an adrenal tumor. We attempted to document a reduction in the size of the tumor with glucocorticoid therapy.

Design: Case study.

Setting: Referral center.

Intervention: Glucocorticoid therapy was instituted for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Surgery for the adrenal mass was deferred, and the size of the mass was monitored by serial ultrasonography.

Results: Baseline values of serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (186.6 nmol/L) and testosterone (24.7 nmol/L [7.1 ng/mL]) were elevated. After instituting steroid treatment, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was suppressed (13.0 nmol/L), and testosterone remained undetectable on follow-up. However, the size of the mass increased during 6 months. Unilateral adrenalectomy performed at that time revealed a well-encapsulated adenoma in a hyperplastic gland.

Conclusions: Untreated classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia may be complicated by an adrenal tumor even at a young age. Suppression of adrenal androgens by glucocorticoid therapy was not accompanied by regression of the tumor in our patient.