Cecilia Egede Medianfar, Emma L Kaderly Rasmussen, Louise Baandrup, Tatiana Hansen, Rasmus Hertzum-Larsen, Merete Hædersdal, Susanne K Kjær
{"title":"患有全身性和局部特异性扁平苔藓患者的癌症风险。","authors":"Cecilia Egede Medianfar, Emma L Kaderly Rasmussen, Louise Baandrup, Tatiana Hansen, Rasmus Hertzum-Larsen, Merete Hædersdal, Susanne K Kjær","doi":"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.3933","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The association between lichen planus (LP) and subsequent cancer risk, particularly by anatomical site, is not well established.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between any LP, and site-specific LP, and the subsequent risk of cancer compared to the general population.</p><p><strong>Design, settings, and participants: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study using nationwide Danish register-based data of individuals with an incident LP diagnosis (1978-2020), with no prior cancer, identified through the National Patient Register (any LP) and the Danish Pathology Register (any LP and site-specific LP). Data were analyzed from August 20 to December 20, 2025.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Any diagnosis of LP independent of site, and LP at specific anatomical sites (oral, cutaneous, and genital).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Participants were followed up for incident cancer outcomes until death, emigration, or December 31, 2023. Cancers were identified through the Danish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs were calculated separately for females and males, comparing cancer incidence in patients with LP to the general Danish female or male population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 845 patients with LP (21 650 females and 14 195 males) were included in the analysis. Compared to the general population, females with any LP had increased risk of oral cancers (lip, SIR = 6.0; 95% CI, 3.3-10.0; oral cavity, SIR = 7.5; 95% CI, 6.4-8.9; tongue, SIR = 6.8; 95% CI, 5.4-8.4) and vulvar cancer (SIR = 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.4), while the risk of squamous cell carcinoma was slightly elevated (SIR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6). In contrast, lung cancer risk was decreased (SIR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8). Results were consistent across follow-up. The cancer risk pattern was similar in male patients with LP. Site-specific analyses showed the highest risk of oral cancers in patients with oral LP, and of genital cancer in patients with genital LP. The 20-year absolute risks in female and male patients were 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.0%) and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8-1.2) for oral cavity cancers, 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%) and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5%-0.8%) for tongue cancers, 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.1%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.3%) for lip cancers, and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.5%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.2%) for genital cancers, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, LP was associated with markedly increased risks of oral and genital cancers, as well as a slightly increased risk of skin cancer, particularly at sites corresponding to the anatomical LP location. While the absolute risk is low, site-specific cancer should be considered a possible long-term complication of LP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14734,"journal":{"name":"JAMA dermatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670123/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cancer Risk in Patients With Overall and Site-Specific Lichen Planus.\",\"authors\":\"Cecilia Egede Medianfar, Emma L Kaderly Rasmussen, Louise Baandrup, Tatiana Hansen, Rasmus Hertzum-Larsen, Merete Hædersdal, Susanne K Kjær\",\"doi\":\"10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.3933\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The association between lichen planus (LP) and subsequent cancer risk, particularly by anatomical site, is not well established.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between any LP, and site-specific LP, and the subsequent risk of cancer compared to the general population.</p><p><strong>Design, settings, and participants: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study using nationwide Danish register-based data of individuals with an incident LP diagnosis (1978-2020), with no prior cancer, identified through the National Patient Register (any LP) and the Danish Pathology Register (any LP and site-specific LP). Data were analyzed from August 20 to December 20, 2025.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Any diagnosis of LP independent of site, and LP at specific anatomical sites (oral, cutaneous, and genital).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Participants were followed up for incident cancer outcomes until death, emigration, or December 31, 2023. Cancers were identified through the Danish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs were calculated separately for females and males, comparing cancer incidence in patients with LP to the general Danish female or male population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 845 patients with LP (21 650 females and 14 195 males) were included in the analysis. Compared to the general population, females with any LP had increased risk of oral cancers (lip, SIR = 6.0; 95% CI, 3.3-10.0; oral cavity, SIR = 7.5; 95% CI, 6.4-8.9; tongue, SIR = 6.8; 95% CI, 5.4-8.4) and vulvar cancer (SIR = 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.4), while the risk of squamous cell carcinoma was slightly elevated (SIR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6). In contrast, lung cancer risk was decreased (SIR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8). Results were consistent across follow-up. The cancer risk pattern was similar in male patients with LP. Site-specific analyses showed the highest risk of oral cancers in patients with oral LP, and of genital cancer in patients with genital LP. The 20-year absolute risks in female and male patients were 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.0%) and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8-1.2) for oral cavity cancers, 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%) and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5%-0.8%) for tongue cancers, 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.1%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.3%) for lip cancers, and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.5%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.2%) for genital cancers, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, LP was associated with markedly increased risks of oral and genital cancers, as well as a slightly increased risk of skin cancer, particularly at sites corresponding to the anatomical LP location. While the absolute risk is low, site-specific cancer should be considered a possible long-term complication of LP.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14734,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"JAMA dermatology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":10.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2026-10-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670123/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"JAMA dermatology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.3933\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DERMATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"JAMA dermatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2026.3933","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer Risk in Patients With Overall and Site-Specific Lichen Planus.
Importance: The association between lichen planus (LP) and subsequent cancer risk, particularly by anatomical site, is not well established.
Objective: To assess the association between any LP, and site-specific LP, and the subsequent risk of cancer compared to the general population.
Design, settings, and participants: This was a retrospective cohort study using nationwide Danish register-based data of individuals with an incident LP diagnosis (1978-2020), with no prior cancer, identified through the National Patient Register (any LP) and the Danish Pathology Register (any LP and site-specific LP). Data were analyzed from August 20 to December 20, 2025.
Exposures: Any diagnosis of LP independent of site, and LP at specific anatomical sites (oral, cutaneous, and genital).
Main outcomes and measures: Participants were followed up for incident cancer outcomes until death, emigration, or December 31, 2023. Cancers were identified through the Danish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs were calculated separately for females and males, comparing cancer incidence in patients with LP to the general Danish female or male population.
Results: A total of 35 845 patients with LP (21 650 females and 14 195 males) were included in the analysis. Compared to the general population, females with any LP had increased risk of oral cancers (lip, SIR = 6.0; 95% CI, 3.3-10.0; oral cavity, SIR = 7.5; 95% CI, 6.4-8.9; tongue, SIR = 6.8; 95% CI, 5.4-8.4) and vulvar cancer (SIR = 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.4), while the risk of squamous cell carcinoma was slightly elevated (SIR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6). In contrast, lung cancer risk was decreased (SIR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8). Results were consistent across follow-up. The cancer risk pattern was similar in male patients with LP. Site-specific analyses showed the highest risk of oral cancers in patients with oral LP, and of genital cancer in patients with genital LP. The 20-year absolute risks in female and male patients were 0.8% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.0%) and 1.0% (95% CI, 0.8-1.2) for oral cavity cancers, 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4%-0.6%) and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5%-0.8%) for tongue cancers, 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.1%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.3%) for lip cancers, and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.5%) and 0.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-0.2%) for genital cancers, respectively.
Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study, LP was associated with markedly increased risks of oral and genital cancers, as well as a slightly increased risk of skin cancer, particularly at sites corresponding to the anatomical LP location. While the absolute risk is low, site-specific cancer should be considered a possible long-term complication of LP.
期刊介绍：
JAMA Dermatology is an international peer-reviewed journal that has been in continuous publication since 1882. It began publication by the American Medical Association in 1920 as Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology. The journal publishes material that helps in the development and testing of the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment in medical and surgical dermatology, pediatric and geriatric dermatology, and oncologic and aesthetic dermatologic surgery.
JAMA Dermatology is a member of the JAMA Network, a consortium of peer-reviewed, general medical and specialty publications. It is published online weekly, every Wednesday, and in 12 print/online issues a year. The mission of the journal is to elevate the art and science of health and diseases of skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, and their treatment, with the aim of enabling dermatologists to deliver evidence-based, high-value medical and surgical dermatologic care.
The journal publishes a broad range of innovative studies and trials that shift research and clinical practice paradigms, expand the understanding of the burden of dermatologic diseases and key outcomes, improve the practice of dermatology, and ensure equitable care to all patients. It also features research and opinion examining ethical, moral, socioeconomic, educational, and political issues relevant to dermatologists, aiming to enable ongoing improvement to the workforce, scope of practice, and the training of future dermatologists.
JAMA Dermatology aims to be a leader in developing initiatives to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion within the specialty and within dermatology medical publishing.
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