{"title":"印尼勿里洞县流行社区淋巴丝虫病空间聚类与曼氏蚊潜在生境的关系","authors":"Santoso Santoso, Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas, Raden Ajeng Wigati, Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra, Rais Yunarko, Dyah Widiastuti, Reni Oktarina, Syarif Hidayat, Wisnu Nurcahyo, Beni Ernawan","doi":"10.1007/s11686-026-01414-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains endemic in several island communities in Indonesia despite mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns. Investigating the spatial relationship between human cases and potential mosquito breeding sites may help explain the persistence of LF transmission.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 across four sub-villages in two LF-endemic villages in Belitung Regency, Indonesia: Suak Gual village (Suak Gual sub-village) and Lasar village (Batumana, Dudat, and Ulin sub-villages). Thick blood smears were collected at night from 671 participants and were examined microscopically. GPS coordinates were recorded for the residence of all study participants, regardless of their infection status, as well as for each water body exhibiting characteristics consistent with a potential <i>Mansonia</i> habitat. Distance analysis, buffer zone evaluation, the Clark-Evans test, and cross-K function analysis were used to characterize the spatial relationship between cases and habitats.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Case clustering was robust in two of the four sub-villages, Suak Gual (R = 0.380, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Batumana (R = 0.432, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with significance maintained after Bonferroni correction across all boundary-window widths tested. Ulin showed nominally significant clustering (R = 0.654, <i>p</i> = 0.026) that did not survive Bonferroni correction (<i>p</i> = 0.106) or a narrower boundary window and is reported as a weaker, less consistent finding. Dudat showed no deviation from spatial randomness (R = 0.856, <i>p</i> = 0.434), which is consistent with its comparatively dense and widespread habitat. Just over three-quarters of cases, 76.5% (<i>n</i> = 26), lived within 500 m of the nearest habitat, indicating a geographic link between residence and vector breeding sites.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Filariasis cases in Belitung tend to cluster near potential <i>Mansonia</i> habitats. These findings provide programme planners with a quantitative basis for prioritizing habitat-focused interventions alongside ongoing mass drug administration. Direct entomological surveys are still needed to confirm vector presence and test the effectiveness of spatially targeted control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6932,"journal":{"name":"Acta Parasitologica","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spatial Clustering of Lymphatic Filariasis in Relation to Potential Mansonia Mosquito Habitats in Endemic Communities of Belitung Regency, Indonesia\",\"authors\":\"Santoso Santoso, Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas, Raden Ajeng Wigati, Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra, Rais Yunarko, Dyah Widiastuti, Reni Oktarina, Syarif Hidayat, Wisnu Nurcahyo, Beni Ernawan\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11686-026-01414-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains endemic in several island communities in Indonesia despite mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns. Investigating the spatial relationship between human cases and potential mosquito breeding sites may help explain the persistence of LF transmission.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 across four sub-villages in two LF-endemic villages in Belitung Regency, Indonesia: Suak Gual village (Suak Gual sub-village) and Lasar village (Batumana, Dudat, and Ulin sub-villages). Thick blood smears were collected at night from 671 participants and were examined microscopically. GPS coordinates were recorded for the residence of all study participants, regardless of their infection status, as well as for each water body exhibiting characteristics consistent with a potential <i>Mansonia</i> habitat. Distance analysis, buffer zone evaluation, the Clark-Evans test, and cross-K function analysis were used to characterize the spatial relationship between cases and habitats.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Case clustering was robust in two of the four sub-villages, Suak Gual (R = 0.380, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Batumana (R = 0.432, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with significance maintained after Bonferroni correction across all boundary-window widths tested. Ulin showed nominally significant clustering (R = 0.654, <i>p</i> = 0.026) that did not survive Bonferroni correction (<i>p</i> = 0.106) or a narrower boundary window and is reported as a weaker, less consistent finding. Dudat showed no deviation from spatial randomness (R = 0.856, <i>p</i> = 0.434), which is consistent with its comparatively dense and widespread habitat. Just over three-quarters of cases, 76.5% (<i>n</i> = 26), lived within 500 m of the nearest habitat, indicating a geographic link between residence and vector breeding sites.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Filariasis cases in Belitung tend to cluster near potential <i>Mansonia</i> habitats. These findings provide programme planners with a quantitative basis for prioritizing habitat-focused interventions alongside ongoing mass drug administration. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：尽管开展了大规模药物管理（MDA）运动，淋巴丝虫病（LF）仍在印度尼西亚的几个岛屿社区流行。调查人类病例与潜在蚊虫滋生地之间的空间关系可能有助于解释LF传播的持久性。方法：2019年对印度尼西亚别里东县两个lf流行村Suak Gual村（Suak Gual村）和Lasar村（Batumana、Dudat和Ulin村）的4个村庄进行横断面调查。研究人员在夜间收集了671名参与者的厚血涂片，并进行了显微镜检查。记录了所有研究参与者的住所的GPS坐标，无论他们的感染状况如何，以及每个显示与潜在曼氏菌栖息地特征一致的水体。采用距离分析、缓冲区评价、Clark-Evans检验和cross-K函数分析等方法对病例与生境的空间关系进行了表征。结果：Suak Gual村（R = 0.380, p < 0.001）和Batumana村（R = 0.432, p < 0.001） 4个村中有2个村的病例聚集性很强，在所有边界窗宽度的Bonferroni校正后仍具有显著性。Ulin显示了名义上显著的聚类（R = 0.654, p = 0.026），但在Bonferroni校正（p = 0.106）或更窄的边界窗口中没有存活下来，并且报告为较弱，不太一致的发现。Dudat在空间随机性上没有偏离（R = 0.856, p = 0.434），这与其相对密集和广泛的生境相一致。超过四分之三的病例（76.5% (n = 26)）生活在最近栖息地500米范围内，表明居住地与病媒滋生地之间存在地理联系。结论：勿里洞丝虫病病例倾向于聚集在潜在的曼陀虫栖息地附近。这些调查结果为规划人员提供了定量基础，以便在正在进行的大规模药物管理的同时确定以生境为重点的干预措施的优先次序。直接昆虫学调查仍然需要确认媒介的存在和测试空间定向控制的有效性。
Spatial Clustering of Lymphatic Filariasis in Relation to Potential Mansonia Mosquito Habitats in Endemic Communities of Belitung Regency, Indonesia
Background
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) remains endemic in several island communities in Indonesia despite mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns. Investigating the spatial relationship between human cases and potential mosquito breeding sites may help explain the persistence of LF transmission.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 across four sub-villages in two LF-endemic villages in Belitung Regency, Indonesia: Suak Gual village (Suak Gual sub-village) and Lasar village (Batumana, Dudat, and Ulin sub-villages). Thick blood smears were collected at night from 671 participants and were examined microscopically. GPS coordinates were recorded for the residence of all study participants, regardless of their infection status, as well as for each water body exhibiting characteristics consistent with a potential Mansonia habitat. Distance analysis, buffer zone evaluation, the Clark-Evans test, and cross-K function analysis were used to characterize the spatial relationship between cases and habitats.
Results
Case clustering was robust in two of the four sub-villages, Suak Gual (R = 0.380, p < 0.001) and Batumana (R = 0.432, p < 0.001), with significance maintained after Bonferroni correction across all boundary-window widths tested. Ulin showed nominally significant clustering (R = 0.654, p = 0.026) that did not survive Bonferroni correction (p = 0.106) or a narrower boundary window and is reported as a weaker, less consistent finding. Dudat showed no deviation from spatial randomness (R = 0.856, p = 0.434), which is consistent with its comparatively dense and widespread habitat. Just over three-quarters of cases, 76.5% (n = 26), lived within 500 m of the nearest habitat, indicating a geographic link between residence and vector breeding sites.
Conclusions
Filariasis cases in Belitung tend to cluster near potential Mansonia habitats. These findings provide programme planners with a quantitative basis for prioritizing habitat-focused interventions alongside ongoing mass drug administration. Direct entomological surveys are still needed to confirm vector presence and test the effectiveness of spatially targeted control.
期刊介绍：
Acta Parasitologica is an international journal covering the latest advances in the subject.
Acta Parasitologica publishes original papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in biochemical and molecular biology of parasites, their physiology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology, as well as original research papers on immunology, pathology, and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in the context of medical, veterinary and biological sciences. The journal also publishes short research notes, invited review articles, book reviews.
The journal was founded in 1953 as "Acta Parasitologica Polonica" by the Polish Parasitological Society and since 1954 has been published by W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Since 1992 in has appeared as Acta Parasitologica in four issues per year.
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