理想热机循环在最大效率-理想气体和超越。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Entropy Pub Date : 2026-09-20 DOI:10.3390/e28091033

Gregory Behrendt, Sebastian Deffner

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引用次数: 0

摘要

给定一个特定的热机循环，产生最高效率的最佳工作介质是什么？虽然人们可能会得出结论，认为它肯定是理想气体，但实际情况要复杂得多。从一般的亥姆霍兹势开始，它多项式地依赖于摩尔体积和温度，我们得到了理想的斯特林循环、奥托循环和布雷顿循环的精确表达式。我们发现，对于由亥姆霍兹势分析所描述的热力学系统，如果工质用温度线性关系来描述，则可以获得最大的效率。这包括理想气体，也包括经典的谐波振子和现象学模型的橡皮筋。

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Ideal Heat Engine Cycles at Maximal Efficiency-The Ideal Gas and Beyond.

Given a particular heat engine cycle, what is the optimal working medium that results in the highest efficiency? While one might jump to the conclusion that it must surely be the ideal gas, the situation is actually more intricate. Starting with a general Helmholtz potential that depends polynomially on molar volume and temperature, we derive exact expressions for the ideal Stirling, Otto, and Brayton cycles. We find that for the thermodynamic systems described by our ansatz for the Helmholtz potential, the maximal efficiency is achieved if the working medium is described by a fundamental relation linear in temperature. This includes the ideal gas, but also classical harmonic oscillators and phenomenological models of the rubber band.

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来源期刊

Entropy PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

11.10%

发文量

1580

审稿时长

21.05 days

期刊介绍： Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300), an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies, publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish as much as possible their theoretical and experimental details. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. If there are computation and the experiment, the details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.