A review on graphene-reinforced titanium matrix composites

To overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in traditional titanium alloys and the interface incompatibility of conventional ceramic reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs), graphene, a two-dimensional nano-reinforcing phase with exceptionally high theoretical strength and modulus, provides a promising strategy for enhancing the comprehensive properties of TMCs. This paper systematically reviews research progress on graphene-reinforced TMCs, aiming to elucidate the intrinsic relationship between “preparation process, microstructure, and properties”. The mainstream preparation techniques are introduced, including powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing, with the core challenge in achieving uniform dispersion of graphene and precise control of interfacial structures. Recent investigations show that through surface modification and process optimization, an ideal composite structure of “nano-TiC layer+residual graphene” can form at the interfaces. Even at low additions of graphene, synergistic effects through load transfer, fine-grain strengthening, and Orowan mechanisms of dislocations significantly enhance material strength, hardness, and wear resistance, while maintaining good plasticity. This review paper summarizes the recently achieved crucial theoretical and experimental findings and highlights directional guidance for overcoming key technological bottlenecks in graphene-re-inforced TMCs, promoting engineering applications of this kind of composite.