Manipulation and treatment of textiles and their relationship with healthcare-associated infections: a scoping review.

Background: Textiles are essential and indispensable materials in healthcare, comprising a wide range of items such as patient clothing, staff uniforms, bed linen, curtains, and reusable sterile drapes. However, these materials can become vehicles for contamination, contribute to the spread of microorganisms, or even increase the rates of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs).

Objective: To map the available evidence in the scientific literature regarding the handling, processing, and contamination of textiles and the occurrence of HCAIs.

Method: A scoping review was conducted following the JBI recommendations. The following databases were consulted: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and SCIELO. Grey literature was searched via the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalogue, MEDNAR, and Google Scholar. The duplicate removal, independent screening, data extraction, and synthesis were performed by two reviewers, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third evaluator. Observational or experimental studies, published in any language and without time restrictions were included. Data were presented through descriptive synthesis and tables containing relevant information.

Results: Twenty studies were included, with case series being the most common study design (14; 70%). The main theme involved outbreak investigations, with Bacillus cereus (7; 35,0%) emerging as the most significant microorganism contaminating textiles that come into contact with patients' skin. Contamination was linked to handling techniques, cleaning, processing, and storage practices. The use of copper oxide was suggested as a strategy in fabric production aimed at reducing contamination and HCAI rates.

Conclusion: Controlling textile contamination requires an institutional commitment to active surveillance, quality hospital processes, and adherence to strict protocols, ensuring safe handling, processing, and storage, thereby reducing negative impacts on patient health and the effectiveness of the services provided.