{"title":"苏格兰的超加工食品消费：对社会人口模式和饮食贡献的全国代表性分析。","authors":"Josephine Curtis, Nick Townsend","doi":"10.1017/S1368980026102559","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Scotland, identify key contributing food groups, and examine sociodemographic associations using nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of 2021 Scottish Health Survey data using two-day dietary recalls via Intake24 classified by NOVA. UPF intake was calculated as percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) and grams per day (g/day). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations with sex, age, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic classification, highest educational qualification, urban/rural location, region, and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nationally representative sample of Scottish households.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Individuals aged 16 or over with complete dietary and sociodemographic data (n = 2,645).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean energy intake was 1,637.8 kcal/day (95% CI 1615.8, 1659.8). Mean UPF consumption was 666.9 g/day (95% CI: 647.9, 685.9), amounting to 919.9 kcal/day (95% CI 901.1, 938.6), representing 55.4% of TEI (95% CI: 54.7, 56.2) and 28.2% of total food weight. The main contributors to UPF intake were cereal products (244.8 kcal/day, 27.0% of UPF kcal), confectionery (170.3 kcal/day, 17.9%), and meats (153.6 kcal/day, 16.2%). Sandwiches (99.9% UPF), salty snacks (94.1%), and dietary supplements (90.5%) showed highest UPF proportions by food groups. Adjusted analyses revealed greater UPF consumption (%TEI) among: males (β = -3.3, p < 0.001), younger adults (β = -2.8 per decade, p < 0.001), White participants (β = +12.9 vs Non-White, p < 0.001), and lower SIMD quintile (β = -1.8 per quintile, p < 0.001). Similar patterns emerged for absolute intake (g/day).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UPF dominates Scotland's diet, with inequitable distribution across sociodemographic groups. Policy actions - such as adopting NOVA in dietary guidelines and restricting UPF marketing - are urgently needed to address this public health crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20951,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Ultra-processed food consumption in Scotland: A nationally representative analysis of sociodemographic patterns and dietary contributions.\",\"authors\":\"Josephine Curtis, Nick Townsend\",\"doi\":\"10.1017/S1368980026102559\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Scotland, identify key contributing food groups, and examine sociodemographic associations using nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of 2021 Scottish Health Survey data using two-day dietary recalls via Intake24 classified by NOVA. UPF intake was calculated as percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) and grams per day (g/day). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations with sex, age, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic classification, highest educational qualification, urban/rural location, region, and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Nationally representative sample of Scottish households.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Individuals aged 16 or over with complete dietary and sociodemographic data (n = 2,645).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean energy intake was 1,637.8 kcal/day (95% CI 1615.8, 1659.8). Mean UPF consumption was 666.9 g/day (95% CI: 647.9, 685.9), amounting to 919.9 kcal/day (95% CI 901.1, 938.6), representing 55.4% of TEI (95% CI: 54.7, 56.2) and 28.2% of total food weight. The main contributors to UPF intake were cereal products (244.8 kcal/day, 27.0% of UPF kcal), confectionery (170.3 kcal/day, 17.9%), and meats (153.6 kcal/day, 16.2%). Sandwiches (99.9% UPF), salty snacks (94.1%), and dietary supplements (90.5%) showed highest UPF proportions by food groups. Adjusted analyses revealed greater UPF consumption (%TEI) among: males (β = -3.3, p < 0.001), younger adults (β = -2.8 per decade, p < 0.001), White participants (β = +12.9 vs Non-White, p < 0.001), and lower SIMD quintile (β = -1.8 per quintile, p < 0.001). Similar patterns emerged for absolute intake (g/day).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UPF dominates Scotland's diet, with inequitable distribution across sociodemographic groups. Policy actions - such as adopting NOVA in dietary guidelines and restricting UPF marketing - are urgently needed to address this public health crisis.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20951,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Public Health Nutrition\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-27\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2026-04-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Public Health Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980026102559\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NUTRITION & DIETETICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Public Health Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980026102559","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultra-processed food consumption in Scotland: A nationally representative analysis of sociodemographic patterns and dietary contributions.
Objective: To quantify ultra-processed food (UPF) intake in Scotland, identify key contributing food groups, and examine sociodemographic associations using nationally representative data.
Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 2021 Scottish Health Survey data using two-day dietary recalls via Intake24 classified by NOVA. UPF intake was calculated as percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) and grams per day (g/day). Multivariable linear regression assessed associations with sex, age, ethnicity, income, socioeconomic classification, highest educational qualification, urban/rural location, region, and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles.
Setting: Nationally representative sample of Scottish households.
Participants: Individuals aged 16 or over with complete dietary and sociodemographic data (n = 2,645).
Results: Mean energy intake was 1,637.8 kcal/day (95% CI 1615.8, 1659.8). Mean UPF consumption was 666.9 g/day (95% CI: 647.9, 685.9), amounting to 919.9 kcal/day (95% CI 901.1, 938.6), representing 55.4% of TEI (95% CI: 54.7, 56.2) and 28.2% of total food weight. The main contributors to UPF intake were cereal products (244.8 kcal/day, 27.0% of UPF kcal), confectionery (170.3 kcal/day, 17.9%), and meats (153.6 kcal/day, 16.2%). Sandwiches (99.9% UPF), salty snacks (94.1%), and dietary supplements (90.5%) showed highest UPF proportions by food groups. Adjusted analyses revealed greater UPF consumption (%TEI) among: males (β = -3.3, p < 0.001), younger adults (β = -2.8 per decade, p < 0.001), White participants (β = +12.9 vs Non-White, p < 0.001), and lower SIMD quintile (β = -1.8 per quintile, p < 0.001). Similar patterns emerged for absolute intake (g/day).
Conclusions: UPF dominates Scotland's diet, with inequitable distribution across sociodemographic groups. Policy actions - such as adopting NOVA in dietary guidelines and restricting UPF marketing - are urgently needed to address this public health crisis.
期刊介绍：
Public Health Nutrition provides an international peer-reviewed forum for the publication and dissemination of research and scholarship aimed at understanding the causes of, and approaches and solutions to nutrition-related public health achievements, situations and problems around the world. The journal publishes original and commissioned articles, commentaries and discussion papers for debate. The journal is of interest to epidemiologists and health promotion specialists interested in the role of nutrition in disease prevention; academics and those involved in fieldwork and the application of research to identify practical solutions to important public health problems.
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