Synthesis, structural elucidation, DNA binding, cleavage, cholinesterase inhibitory activity of metal complexes of novel 2,2'-bipyridyl derivative.

To achieve efficient cholinesterase inhibitory activity of metal(II) complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) with 2,2'-bipyridyl framework [M-L] (L = 2,2'-bipyridyl derivative containing an aromatic center and an e^--withdrawing -NO₂ group) was developed. The structural characteristics were identified through spectroscopic and analytical studies. The antibacterial activity of the produced ligand and metal(II) complexes against bacteria and fungi was evaluated. The synthesized metal(II) complexes ability to fragment DNA has been studied on pUC 18 DNA using agarose gel electrophoresis. The copper(II) complex (K_b=4.11 × 10⁵ M^-1) is stronger binding affinity for DNA than ethidium bromide (EB) (K_b=3.3 × 10⁵ M^-1) and metal(II) complexes. The chemically produced 2,2'-bipyridyl derivative had the strongest inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with IC₅₀ values that were less than the standard compounds (0.34 and 3.42 µM, respectively). Our research results could aid in the creation of novel drug molecules, especially for the treatment of neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease and neurological disorders occurring through diabetes.