M. G. M. Camozzi, S. B. Waller, E. C. Castelhano, A. L. S. Neves, B. R. Arrais, J. F. N. Pinto, B. G. Alves, C. N. Moreira
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Antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed for all identified isolates, together with phylogenetic classification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and detection of virulence factor–encoding genes.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Bacterial isolates obtained from faecal, urinary, uterine and vaginal samples showed predominantly positive growth for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Proteus</i> spp. Among these isolates recovered from each anatomical site, multidrug-resistant bacteria – defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials – were identified across all bacterial genera, with frequencies of 37.7% among faecal isolates, 16.7% among urinary isolates, 44.5% among uterine isolates and 100% among vaginal isolates, except for <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. Among dogs positive for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (11/23), phylogroups A/C (30.9%) were the most prevalent, followed by D/E (16.9%), B2 (15.5%), B1 (12.7%), A (12.7%), C (8.5%) and U (2.8%). In 90% (10/11) of cases, <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates recovered from faecal, vaginal and/or uterine samples belonged to the same clonal family, suggesting faecal contamination. Overall, 77.4% of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates of uterine origin were classified as resistant or multidrug-resistant, and 83.9% harboured one or more virulence factor-encoding genes (hlyA, uspA, papC and predominantly fimH). Phylogroup B2 was the only group in which all assessed virulence factors were simultaneously detected.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\n \n <p>The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria across all genera isolated in cases of canine pyometra underscores the clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the recovery of genetically related <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from intestinal and reproductive tract samples supports the intestinal microbiota as a relevant source of infection in affected bitches.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"627-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.70110","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens in canine pyometra\",\"authors\":\"M. G. M. Camozzi, S. B. Waller, E. C. Castelhano, A. L. S. Neves, B. R. Arrais, J. F. N. Pinto, B. G. Alves, C. N. Moreira\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/jsap.70110\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objectives</h3>\\n \\n <p>To characterise multidrug antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity profiles of bacteria isolated from different anatomical sites in bitches with pyometra, emphasising their clinical relevance for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in small animal practice.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Bacteria were obtained from the faeces, urine, uterus and vagina of 23 dogs diagnosed with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed for all identified isolates, together with phylogenetic classification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and detection of virulence factor–encoding genes.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Bacterial isolates obtained from faecal, urinary, uterine and vaginal samples showed predominantly positive growth for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Proteus</i> spp. Among these isolates recovered from each anatomical site, multidrug-resistant bacteria – defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials – were identified across all bacterial genera, with frequencies of 37.7% among faecal isolates, 16.7% among urinary isolates, 44.5% among uterine isolates and 100% among vaginal isolates, except for <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. Among dogs positive for <i>Escherichia coli</i> (11/23), phylogroups A/C (30.9%) were the most prevalent, followed by D/E (16.9%), B2 (15.5%), B1 (12.7%), A (12.7%), C (8.5%) and U (2.8%). In 90% (10/11) of cases, <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates recovered from faecal, vaginal and/or uterine samples belonged to the same clonal family, suggesting faecal contamination. Overall, 77.4% of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates of uterine origin were classified as resistant or multidrug-resistant, and 83.9% harboured one or more virulence factor-encoding genes (hlyA, uspA, papC and predominantly fimH). Phylogroup B2 was the only group in which all assessed virulence factors were simultaneously detected.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Clinical Significance</h3>\\n \\n <p>The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria across all genera isolated in cases of canine pyometra underscores the clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 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Multidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens in canine pyometra
Objectives
To characterise multidrug antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity profiles of bacteria isolated from different anatomical sites in bitches with pyometra, emphasising their clinical relevance for diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in small animal practice.
Materials and Methods
Bacteria were obtained from the faeces, urine, uterus and vagina of 23 dogs diagnosed with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were analysed for all identified isolates, together with phylogenetic classification of Escherichia coli and detection of virulence factor–encoding genes.
Results
Bacterial isolates obtained from faecal, urinary, uterine and vaginal samples showed predominantly positive growth for Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. Among these isolates recovered from each anatomical site, multidrug-resistant bacteria – defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials – were identified across all bacterial genera, with frequencies of 37.7% among faecal isolates, 16.7% among urinary isolates, 44.5% among uterine isolates and 100% among vaginal isolates, except for Enterobacter spp. Among dogs positive for Escherichia coli (11/23), phylogroups A/C (30.9%) were the most prevalent, followed by D/E (16.9%), B2 (15.5%), B1 (12.7%), A (12.7%), C (8.5%) and U (2.8%). In 90% (10/11) of cases, Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faecal, vaginal and/or uterine samples belonged to the same clonal family, suggesting faecal contamination. Overall, 77.4% of Escherichia coli isolates of uterine origin were classified as resistant or multidrug-resistant, and 83.9% harboured one or more virulence factor-encoding genes (hlyA, uspA, papC and predominantly fimH). Phylogroup B2 was the only group in which all assessed virulence factors were simultaneously detected.
Clinical Significance
The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria across all genera isolated in cases of canine pyometra underscores the clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the recovery of genetically related Escherichia coli isolates from intestinal and reproductive tract samples supports the intestinal microbiota as a relevant source of infection in affected bitches.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Small Animal Practice (JSAP) is a monthly peer-reviewed publication integrating clinical research papers and case reports from international sources, covering all aspects of medicine and surgery relating to dogs, cats and other small animals. These papers facilitate the dissemination and implementation of new ideas and techniques relating to clinical veterinary practice, with the ultimate aim of promoting best practice. JSAP publishes high quality original articles, as well as other scientific and educational information. New developments are placed in perspective, encompassing new concepts and peer commentary. The target audience is veterinarians primarily engaged in the practise of small animal medicine and surgery.
In addition to original articles, JSAP will publish invited editorials (relating to a manuscript in the same issue or a topic of current interest), review articles, which provide in-depth discussion of important clinical issues, and other scientific and educational information from around the world.
The final decision on publication of a manuscript rests with the Editorial Board and ultimately with the Editor. All papers, regardless of type, represent the opinion of the authors and not necessarily that of the Editor, the Association or the Publisher.
The Journal of Small Animal Practice is published on behalf of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association and is also the official scientific journal of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
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