Evaluation of intrusive mechanics of the type “segmented arch” on a macerated human skull using the laser reflection technique and holographic interferometry

Twelve different systems of intrusion, based on the principle of the “segmented arch,” were evaluated on a macerated human skull. The number of teeth involved in the anterior unit and the location of the application points of intrusive force were considered to be variables. Initial displacements of the anterior teeth after loading were registered by means of the laser reflection technique and double exposure holographic recordings. An attempt was made to define “this” intrusive system, achieving the most genuine intrusion (for definition, see text) without flaring of the teeth. When two central incisors were incorporated in the sectional wire, strong torque forces appeared, especially when the intrusive forces seized more distally. When four or six anterior teeth were pinned in the sectional wire, tooth movement seemed to be under better control. When the six front teeth were incorporated in the sectional wire, the center of resistance (for definition, see text) was located more to the distal side of the canines. It seemed more difficult, however, to define the center of resistance of the four incisors; it was situated approximately distal to the lateral incisors. In some of the intrusive systems, the teeth underwent independent mesial or distal rotations. This was easily observed with the laser measuring techniques used.