Exponential synchronization of complex networks on time scales with event-based asynchronous intermittent pinning control

This paper investigates the exponential synchronization problem of nonlinear complex networks (CNs) under an event-based asynchronous intermittent pinning control scheme within the framework of time scales. By leveraging the Lyapunov approach and the foundational theory of time scale, we derive novel exponential synchronization criteria that apply to continuous-time, discrete-time, and hybrid continuous-discrete systems. The proposed control strategy ensures exponential synchronization by dynamically adjusting the pinning node set based on a centralized event-triggered mechanism. Key contributions include the introduction of adaptive control gains and the analysis of synchronization under the asynchronous intermittent strategy. The theoretical results are validated through numerical simulations, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Our findings generalize existing results by accommodating a unified synchronization treatment across diverse time domains, thereby enhancing the applicability of intermittent control strategies in complex networks.