Lindsay B Baker, J Matthew Hinkley, Michal Ozga, Shelby L Alfred, James R Merritt, Peter John D De Chavez
{"title":"一项随机试验，模拟低至中等甘油和钠浓度的溶液对健康、活跃的成年人体液平衡的影响。","authors":"Lindsay B Baker, J Matthew Hinkley, Michal Ozga, Shelby L Alfred, James R Merritt, Peter John D De Chavez","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ingestion of beverages with glycerol and electrolytes promote fluid retention and fluid balance; however, more research is needed to determine the effects of low to moderate concentrations of these osmolytes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of 0-4.6% glycerol (GLY) and 0-55 mM sodium (SOD) on fluid balance in healthy, active, euhydrated adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven participants (n=22 male; n=15 female; 30±8 y; 75.5±12.4 kg) consumed 28-oz of beverage followed by urine and body mass measurements for 210 min. In a double blind, randomized, incomplete block, response surface design, each participant completed 3 trials, where they drank one of six beverages [0% GLY, 0 mM SOD (placebo); 0% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 0% GLY, 55 mM SOD; 2.3% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 0 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 55 mM SOD]. A response surface regression model was fitted to predict the effects of glycerol, sodium, and time on fluid balance (% change in body mass from baseline). 95% confidence intervals were used to compare predicted mean outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glycerol (p<0.001), sodium (p<0.001), and time (p<0.001) were significant terms in the model (adjusted r<sup>2</sup>=0.81). There were significant interactions for glycerol by time (p=0.001) and sodium by time (p<0.001). At 210 min, fluid balance was predicted to be greater with ingestion of ≥1.5% glycerol alone (-0.55±0.07% to -0.40±0.06%) or ≥25 mM sodium alone (-0.58±0.05% to -0.21±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%), and with ingestion of ≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium (-0.57±0.04% to 0.05±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relatively low concentrations of glycerol by itself (≥1.5%) or in combination with electrolytes (≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium) promoted better fluid balance than placebo. These results help inform the minimum concentrations of glycerol and/or sodium needed to promote fluid balance in healthy, active individuals; however, future research is needed to verify the model's predictions.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06185595.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A randomized trial modeling the effects of solutions with low to moderate glycerol and sodium concentrations on fluid balance in healthy, active adults.\",\"authors\":\"Lindsay B Baker, J Matthew Hinkley, Michal Ozga, Shelby L Alfred, James R Merritt, Peter John D De Chavez\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.10.011\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ingestion of beverages with glycerol and electrolytes promote fluid retention and fluid balance; however, more research is needed to determine the effects of low to moderate concentrations of these osmolytes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of 0-4.6% glycerol (GLY) and 0-55 mM sodium (SOD) on fluid balance in healthy, active, euhydrated adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven participants (n=22 male; n=15 female; 30±8 y; 75.5±12.4 kg) consumed 28-oz of beverage followed by urine and body mass measurements for 210 min. In a double blind, randomized, incomplete block, response surface design, each participant completed 3 trials, where they drank one of six beverages [0% GLY, 0 mM SOD (placebo); 0% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 0% GLY, 55 mM SOD; 2.3% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 0 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 55 mM SOD]. A response surface regression model was fitted to predict the effects of glycerol, sodium, and time on fluid balance (% change in body mass from baseline). 95% confidence intervals were used to compare predicted mean outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glycerol (p<0.001), sodium (p<0.001), and time (p<0.001) were significant terms in the model (adjusted r<sup>2</sup>=0.81). There were significant interactions for glycerol by time (p=0.001) and sodium by time (p<0.001). At 210 min, fluid balance was predicted to be greater with ingestion of ≥1.5% glycerol alone (-0.55±0.07% to -0.40±0.06%) or ≥25 mM sodium alone (-0.58±0.05% to -0.21±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%), and with ingestion of ≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium (-0.57±0.04% to 0.05±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relatively low concentrations of glycerol by itself (≥1.5%) or in combination with electrolytes (≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium) promoted better fluid balance than placebo. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：摄入含有甘油和电解质的饮料可促进体液潴留和体液平衡；然而，需要更多的研究来确定低到中等浓度的这些渗透物的影响。目的：评价0-4.6%甘油（GLY）和0-55 mM钠（SOD）对健康、活跃、脱水成人体液平衡的影响。方法：37名参与者（男性22名，女性15名，男性30±8名，体重75.5±12.4 kg）喝下28盎司饮料，然后测量尿液和体重210分钟。在双盲、随机、不完全区、反应面设计中，每个参与者完成3项试验，他们喝6种饮料中的一种[0% GLY， 0 mM SOD（安慰剂）；0% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD；0% GLY, 55 mM SOD；2.3% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD；4.6% GLY, 0 mM SOD；4.6% GLY, 55 mM SOD]。拟合一个响应面回归模型来预测甘油、钠和时间对体液平衡的影响（与基线相比体重变化百分比）。95%置信区间用于比较预测的平均结果。结果：甘油（p2=0.81）。结论：相对低浓度的甘油单用（≥1.5%）或与电解质联用（≥0.75%甘油加≥15mm钠）比安慰剂能更好地促进体液平衡。这些结果有助于了解促进健康、活跃个体体液平衡所需的甘油和/或钠的最低浓度；然而，需要进一步的研究来验证该模型的预测。临床试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06185595。
A randomized trial modeling the effects of solutions with low to moderate glycerol and sodium concentrations on fluid balance in healthy, active adults.
Background: Ingestion of beverages with glycerol and electrolytes promote fluid retention and fluid balance; however, more research is needed to determine the effects of low to moderate concentrations of these osmolytes.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of 0-4.6% glycerol (GLY) and 0-55 mM sodium (SOD) on fluid balance in healthy, active, euhydrated adults.
Methods: Thirty-seven participants (n=22 male; n=15 female; 30±8 y; 75.5±12.4 kg) consumed 28-oz of beverage followed by urine and body mass measurements for 210 min. In a double blind, randomized, incomplete block, response surface design, each participant completed 3 trials, where they drank one of six beverages [0% GLY, 0 mM SOD (placebo); 0% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 0% GLY, 55 mM SOD; 2.3% GLY, 27.5 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 0 mM SOD; 4.6% GLY, 55 mM SOD]. A response surface regression model was fitted to predict the effects of glycerol, sodium, and time on fluid balance (% change in body mass from baseline). 95% confidence intervals were used to compare predicted mean outcomes.
Results: Glycerol (p<0.001), sodium (p<0.001), and time (p<0.001) were significant terms in the model (adjusted r2=0.81). There were significant interactions for glycerol by time (p=0.001) and sodium by time (p<0.001). At 210 min, fluid balance was predicted to be greater with ingestion of ≥1.5% glycerol alone (-0.55±0.07% to -0.40±0.06%) or ≥25 mM sodium alone (-0.58±0.05% to -0.21±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%), and with ingestion of ≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium (-0.57±0.04% to 0.05±0.06%) versus placebo (-0.69±0.06%).
Conclusion: Relatively low concentrations of glycerol by itself (≥1.5%) or in combination with electrolytes (≥0.75% glycerol plus ≥15 mM sodium) promoted better fluid balance than placebo. These results help inform the minimum concentrations of glycerol and/or sodium needed to promote fluid balance in healthy, active individuals; however, future research is needed to verify the model's predictions.
期刊介绍：
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism.
Purpose:
The purpose of AJCN is to:
Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition.
Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits.
Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition.
Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches.
Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles.
Peer Review Process:
All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.
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