An appropriate technology of breastfeeding in China: 1949-1965.

This article examines the evolution of breastfeeding practices in twentieth-century China, focusing on the complex interplay between medical knowledge, state policies and social transformation. This study demonstrates how medical recommendations concerning lactation timing, intervals and weaning were shaped by factors beyond purely scientific developments. Mid-twentieth-century biochemical studies validated traditional practices while revolutionising attitudes towards colostrum, marking a critical juncture in Chinese infant nutrition science. Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, maternal and child health initiatives underwent fundamental changes. Drawing on new understanding of breast milk's nutritional value, health benefits, and economic advantages, healthcare professionals and state authorities actively promoted scientific breastfeeding methods. Their multifaceted approach reflected both the dissemination of medical knowledge and the state's strategic consideration of female labour force participation. This study analyses how women's liberation from feudal constraints, changing employment patterns, Soviet medical influence, and advances in artificial feeding technologies shaped breastfeeding practices. Through examining the intersection of medical advice, health policies, and women's labour liberation, it provides fresh insights into the evolution of breastfeeding discourse within Chinese medical circles. Situating these developments within broader medical, social and cultural contexts, this research not only illuminates the multiple factors that shaped modern Chinese infant feeding practices but also contributes to our understanding of the complex relationships between medical practice, state policy, and social change in twentieth-century China.