Hemodynamic Echocardiographic Parameters in the Early Post-Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Period as Predictors of Recurrence.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation requires predictors for better management. This study evaluated early post-ablation changes in echocardiographic parameters, clarifying the relative importance of left ventricle (LV) diastolic function and left atrium (LA) strain for recurrence prediction.

Methods and results: The study prospectively enrolled 165 consecutive patients undergoing de novo AF ablation between 2019 and 2021. Echocardiography was performed before and 3 months after ablation. Three months after ablation, LA volume and LA strain (reservoir and contraction phases) decreased significantly and the LV ejection fraction improved. Extrapulmonary vein LA ablation was associated with significantly lower LA strain at 3 months. Over a median follow-up of 359 days, atrial tachyarrhythmia recurred in 45 (27.3%) patients. Three months after ablation, there was no significant difference in LA strain between groups with and without recurrence, but mitral E/e' and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were significantly higher in the group with recurrence (mitral E/e' 7.4±2.2 vs. 10.4±4.1; RVSP 23.1±3.5 vs. 28.4±4.8 mmHg; P<0.001 for both). Multivariable analysis identified E/e' and RVSP at 3 months as independent predictors of recurrence (hazard ratios 1.246 and 1.111, respectively), but not LA strain.

Conclusions: Following AF ablation, hemodynamic factors appear to be more significant predictors of recurrence than LA strain. Assessment of LV diastolic function during the early post-ablation period may help identify patients at high risk of recurrence.