Repurposing the past, powering the future - socio-economic impacts of hybrid pumped hydro storage in Greece and Poland's coal regions

The transition from coal-dependent economies to renewable energy systems presents significant socio-economic challenges, particularly in regions historically reliant on mining. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the socio-economic effects of repurposing former lignite mines into hybrid pumped hydro storage facilities in two European regions: Western Macedonia, Greece, and Bełchatów, Poland. A multidisciplinary approach was used, combining statistical data analysis, policy review, expert panel assessments, and stakeholder surveys. Key indicators examined include gross domestic product, employment rates, municipal budget revenues, and public health impacts related to carbon emissions. Two scenarios were modelled: a baseline scenario without hybrid pumped hydro storage and a transformative scenario that includes its implementation, projecting outcomes through 2050, aligned with the European Union's climate neutrality objectives. Results show that hybrid pumped hydro storage can soften economic declines caused by mine closures by creating jobs, stabilizing local economies, and supporting environmental sustainability through reduced emissions. These findings underscore the potential of such projects to support just transitions by promoting economic diversification, regional resilience, and improved quality of life. The study offers new insights into technology-driven socio-economic transformations in post-coal regions, providing helpful guidance for policymakers involved in renewable energy transitions and regional development planning.