Gendered experiences of spirituality at work: Implications for constructive employee voice behavior

This research enhances our understanding of how workplace spirituality influences the voice behaviors of male and female employees by exploring the underlying mechanisms of psychological safety and psychological empowerment. Specifically, we propose the moderation of gender in this theoretical framework. To analyze our theoretical model, we conducted two independent studies. Study 1 involved 331 employees in the manufacturing sector, while Study 2 replicated the findings with 255 employees in the service (banking) sector. By using structural equation modeling in Mplus, we combined the results from both studies and found that workplace spirituality directly and indirectly influences the voice behaviors of both male and female employees, albeit with some variations. However, the direct effect of spirituality on female voice behavior was stronger compared to male employees. Additionally, the results from moderated mediation analysis in Mplus revealed specific indirect effects. The indirect effect of spirituality on female voice behavior primarily occurs through psychological safety, whereas for male voice behavior, it operates via psychological empowerment.