The Impact of the 10 December 2023 ICME Event on Martian Space Environment and Ion Escape Processes: A Multi-Fluid Hall-MHD Study

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), which originate from solar coronal mass eruptions, are frequently intense space weather events manifested as extremely intensified solar wind conditions. Such upstream disturbances tend to trigger dynamic alterations in the Martian space environment and exert a substantial influence on the corresponding ion escape processes. However, the physical mechanisms behind the enhanced ion escape rates during interplanetary CME (ICME) events remain unelucidated. By employing a global multi-fluid Hall magnetohydrodynamic model, this study investigates the impact of the 10 December 2023 ICME event on the Martian space environment and reveals the physical mechanisms driving the enhanced ion escape rate. Simulation results indicate that during the ICME event, the Martian space environment experiences significant compression, and the associated electromagnetic fields exhibit substantial enhancement. Concurrently, the global ion escape rate increases by a factor of $5.6$. By comparing the physical characteristics of the plume and magnetotail escape channels between the pre-ICME and the ICME-phases, it can be deduced that the increased ion escape through the plume is driven by the enhanced escape velocity accelerated by the stronger motional electric field. Meanwhile, the elevated ion escape rate in the magnetotail is attributed to the stronger Hall electric field and the increased ion density resulting from the strengthened day-to-night ion transport. These findings demonstrate that extreme space weather modulates ion escape from Mars by impacting its surrounding electromagnetic environments and associated plasma transport, providing a valuable perspective on the long-term evolution of the Martian atmosphere.