Ti-Based Flexible Nanowire-Textured Surface Increases the Friction Coefficient Without Increasing Surface Wear

Implants with high coefficients of friction reduce tightening torque requirements while mitigating fracture risks at bone–implant interfaces. This study engineered flexible nanowire textures on titanium surfaces to significantly increase the coefficient of friction without accelerating surface wear. Results demonstrate that these textures maintain a friction coefficient exceeding 0.8 during reciprocating sliding tests under both dry and water conditions. Our analysis reveals that this friction enhancement stems not from surface roughness but from increased tangential resistance during nanowire-textured deformation. Implementing such high-friction nanostructures on the implant surface is critical for enhancing preload and improving connection reliability.