The influencing factors of growth mindset: A systematic literature review

Since the concept of growth mindset was introduced by Dweck in 2006, it has been extensively explored within various educational contexts. However, previous literature reviews have primarily focused on the effects of growth mindset rather than examining its influencing factors. The current literature review seeks to clarify the factors that contribute to the formation of a growth mindset among students. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a sample of 54 empirical articles from the past decade was selected for analysis. These articles were analysed using a four-step bottom-up coding process within the framework of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Many influencing factors within the individual system and microsystems were revealed. The most frequently examined factor categories in previous studies include students' psychological features, teachers' teaching strategies and methods, parenting styles, specific interventions, and school environment. Two synergistic paths were identified to illustrate the interplay of these influencing factors. Finally, the current study discusses the significance of factors within different ecological systems and proposes suggestions for future studies.