{"title":"BMI足够吗?印度东北部Hmar部落的身体成分概况和心脏代谢风险。","authors":"Abigail Lalnuneng","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02698-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess health risk but overlooks fat and lean mass. This limitation is particularly salient for Indigenous/Tribal South Asian populations, who exhibit distinct body composition and cardiometabolic profiles. This study explores the distributions of BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass Index (FFMI) among the Hmar tribe of Northeast India, and evaluates their predictive utility for hypertension, with sex-specific focus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1207 adults (598 men, 609 women) using anthropometry, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance. BMI was classified using WHO (1995) and WHO Asia-Pacific (2000) criteria. Polynomial regressions generated sex-specific FFMI and FMI reference ranges. ROC analysis evaluated the predictive utility of BMI, FMI, and FFMI for hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FFMI/BFMI ranged 16.3-19.2/2.2-5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (men) and 15.1-17.5/3.5-7.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (women) under WHO cutoffs; narrower under Asia-Pacific: 16.3-18.5/2.2-4.5 (men), 15.1-16.7/3.5-6.3 (women), differing from other populations reflecting ethnic variability. Overweight and/or obesity prevalence increased from 32.06% (WHO, 1995) to 49.96% (WHO, 2000). Despite similar BMI and FFMI across sexes, significant differences were observed in FMI (WHO 1995: χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.26, p < 0.05; WHO 2000 χ<sup>2</sup> = 9.46, p < 0.05). Hypertension affected 21% of participants. FFMI emerged as the strongest predictor of hypertension in men (AUC = 0.704), while BMI was more predictive in women (AUC = 0.761).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI alone is insufficient for assessing cardiometabolic risk among the Hmars. Sex-specific differences in FMI and FFMI, and their predictive value for hypertension, highlight the need for body composition-based population-sensitive screening strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Is BMI Enough? Body Composition Profiles and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hmar Tribe of Northeast India.\",\"authors\":\"Abigail Lalnuneng\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40615-025-02698-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess health risk but overlooks fat and lean mass. This limitation is particularly salient for Indigenous/Tribal South Asian populations, who exhibit distinct body composition and cardiometabolic profiles. This study explores the distributions of BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass Index (FFMI) among the Hmar tribe of Northeast India, and evaluates their predictive utility for hypertension, with sex-specific focus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1207 adults (598 men, 609 women) using anthropometry, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance. BMI was classified using WHO (1995) and WHO Asia-Pacific (2000) criteria. Polynomial regressions generated sex-specific FFMI and FMI reference ranges. ROC analysis evaluated the predictive utility of BMI, FMI, and FFMI for hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FFMI/BFMI ranged 16.3-19.2/2.2-5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (men) and 15.1-17.5/3.5-7.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (women) under WHO cutoffs; narrower under Asia-Pacific: 16.3-18.5/2.2-4.5 (men), 15.1-16.7/3.5-6.3 (women), differing from other populations reflecting ethnic variability. Overweight and/or obesity prevalence increased from 32.06% (WHO, 1995) to 49.96% (WHO, 2000). Despite similar BMI and FFMI across sexes, significant differences were observed in FMI (WHO 1995: χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.26, p < 0.05; WHO 2000 χ<sup>2</sup> = 9.46, p < 0.05). Hypertension affected 21% of participants. FFMI emerged as the strongest predictor of hypertension in men (AUC = 0.704), while BMI was more predictive in women (AUC = 0.761).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMI alone is insufficient for assessing cardiometabolic risk among the Hmars. Sex-specific differences in FMI and FFMI, and their predictive value for hypertension, highlight the need for body composition-based population-sensitive screening strategies.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16921,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02698-x\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02698-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Is BMI Enough? Body Composition Profiles and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hmar Tribe of Northeast India.
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess health risk but overlooks fat and lean mass. This limitation is particularly salient for Indigenous/Tribal South Asian populations, who exhibit distinct body composition and cardiometabolic profiles. This study explores the distributions of BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass Index (FFMI) among the Hmar tribe of Northeast India, and evaluates their predictive utility for hypertension, with sex-specific focus.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1207 adults (598 men, 609 women) using anthropometry, skinfolds, and bioelectrical impedance. BMI was classified using WHO (1995) and WHO Asia-Pacific (2000) criteria. Polynomial regressions generated sex-specific FFMI and FMI reference ranges. ROC analysis evaluated the predictive utility of BMI, FMI, and FFMI for hypertension.
Results: FFMI/BFMI ranged 16.3-19.2/2.2-5.8 kg/m2 (men) and 15.1-17.5/3.5-7.6 kg/m2 (women) under WHO cutoffs; narrower under Asia-Pacific: 16.3-18.5/2.2-4.5 (men), 15.1-16.7/3.5-6.3 (women), differing from other populations reflecting ethnic variability. Overweight and/or obesity prevalence increased from 32.06% (WHO, 1995) to 49.96% (WHO, 2000). Despite similar BMI and FFMI across sexes, significant differences were observed in FMI (WHO 1995: χ2 = 8.26, p < 0.05; WHO 2000 χ2 = 9.46, p < 0.05). Hypertension affected 21% of participants. FFMI emerged as the strongest predictor of hypertension in men (AUC = 0.704), while BMI was more predictive in women (AUC = 0.761).
Conclusion: BMI alone is insufficient for assessing cardiometabolic risk among the Hmars. Sex-specific differences in FMI and FFMI, and their predictive value for hypertension, highlight the need for body composition-based population-sensitive screening strategies.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.