Self-Adaptive Interface Reconstruction over Black Phosphorus Complex for Wide-Temperature and Fast-Charging Potassium Ion Storage

Black phosphorus (BP), exhibiting a large spatial layer and high theoretical capacity, has been heralded as a promising candidate for K⁺ storage. Nevertheless, the unpredictability of the structural/interfacial reconstruction guides the arduous kinetics and poor stability, especially conferring to high current density and wide-temperature operation. To address these challenges, self-adaptive interface reconstruction with a multiple secondary bonds mediation (IRSM) strategy is adopted for amphipathic BP complex to improve kinetics and stability, wherein BP nanospheres encapsulated into a sacciform B-doped carbon matrix (BC) are further grafted with polybromoisobutyryloxy benzenesulfonic (PBBS), which undergoes in situ polymerization and is transformed into metal-organic bromoisobutyrylox supramolecular (PBS). Consequently, combining the flexibility/rigidity advantage of organic moiety and the stability advantage of inorganic moiety, BC@BP@PBS manifests excellent fast charging behaviors, a wide-temperature operation from −70 °C to 80 °C, and an extended cycle life of up to 1300 cycles. This work builds an ingenious protocol for leveraging the trade-off between fast charging, wide-temperature operation, and long life span for high-performance cell devices.