Morphological MRI knee phantoms: Design, preliminary results, and perspectives for applied research.

Introduction: There is currently no MRI phantom capable of generating high-precision anatomical images in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging. Yet, such phantoms, also referred to as "super-phantoms", could offer substantial value for MRI sequence testing, optimization, and applied research.

Methods: In this study, we focused on the knee region, creating phantoms based on reference MRI slices. Using computer-aided design (CAD) software, detailed anatomical structures were modeled, 3D printed, and filled with tissue-mimicking gels. MRI acquisitions were then performed to evaluate the potential of these tools.

Results: The resulting images demonstrated high anatomical fidelity and clinically realistic MRI-weighted contrasts. These phantoms show promise for a range of applications, including training, sequence optimization, hardware evaluation, and ethical aspects.

Conclusion: Although technical refinements are needed to improve long-term stability and achieve more accurate relaxometry, the phantoms hold strong potential for supporting applied MRI research.

Implication for practice: This new type of phantom can be considered an original and versatile tool for sequence development and hardware comparison. Moreover, it represents a valuable means to promote evidence-based practices and encourage MRI professionals (e.g. radiographers) to engage in applied research initiatives.