Benzodiazepine use in physicians: retrospective 5-year nationwide study in Taiwan.

Background: Benzodiazepine use among physicians is an important public health issue related to physicians' well-being and patient safety.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the patterns and correlates of benzodiazepine use in physicians by comparing the characteristics of heavy users with those of low-dose users.

Method: We identified 4844 physicians with a history of benzodiazepine use as the benzodiazepine cohort from 32 080 physicians from the population-based Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2014 to 2020. Benzodiazepine users were divided into low-dose, intermediate and heavy users based on their yearly equivalent dosage of <20, 20-150 and >150 defined daily dose (DDD) per year, respectively. Differences in demographic characteristics and specialities between the benzodiazepine and control cohorts were compared via univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. A generalised estimating equation was used to investigate the relationship between benzodiazepine use and comorbidities.

Results: Among all of the physicians, 15.1% used benzodiazepine. Male physicians were more likely to use benzodiazepines and become heavy users. Older age, sleep disorders and depression were significantly associated with heavy benzodiazepine use. Regarding physician specialities, the highest prevalence of benzodiazepine use was observed in otorhinolaryngology (19.8%), followed by family medicine (19.1%). Odds of benzodiazepine use were 2.20 and 2.90 times greater in physicians with sleep disorders and depression, respectively.

Conclusions: Comorbidities of depression and sleep disorders are associated with increased probability of benzodiazepine use. Providing stress-coping strategies and appropriate treatment for mental disorders is recommended to support the overall well-being of physicians.