Surface Adhesion Engineering for Armored Metasurfaces and Beyond.

Conventional metasurfaces, despite their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves, are limited by environmental vulnerabilities such as scratches, contamination, and temperature fluctuations. An armored metasurface engineered via nanoscale interfacial manipulation based on Persson's model is introduced, achieving exceptional robustness. This design offers dust repellency (94.7%), superhydrophobicity (156.3° water contact angle), high-temperature tolerance (>1000 °C), anti-scratch resilience (200 cycles), and mechanical durability. Optically, it delivers broadband antireflection (99.1% transmission) and stable phase control (<5% fluctuation) under turbulent conditions (C_n ² ≥ 2.1 × 10^-12). Integrated into atmospheric optical systems, it enables reliable spatiotemporal vector light manipulation, paving the way for applications in adverse-weather light detection and ranging (LiDAR), aerospace optics, and durable photonic wearables.