Unveiling the superior hydrogen evolution performance of phosphorus-doped amorphous molybdenum sulfide under large current density

Developing robust electrocatalysts that synergize with intermittent wind/solar power to drive efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become critical for establishing practical green hydrogen infrastructure. Here, we report an amorphous phosphorus-doped MoS₂ catalyst (P-MoS₂) that achieves exceptional activity-stability synergy at industry-relevant current. The optimized catalyst delivers ultralow overpotentials of 139 mV@10 mA cm^-2 and 279 mV@100 mA cm^-2 in acid medium, with unprecedented 120-hour stability at 200 mA cm^-2. DFT calculation reveals that P-doping creates electron-rich 2S₂^2- active sites with near-optimal H* adsorption energy (ΔG_H*= -0.08 eV). Crucially, the amorphous nature of catalyst endows their dynamic charge redistribution mechanism, which ensures stable electron supply during fluctuating power inputs characteristic of renewable energy systems. This work provides a route towards rationally designing high-performance catalysts for the HER at industrial-level currents.