Hongsik Kim, Minsuk Kwon, Sun Kyung Lee, Seung-Myoung Son, Ok-Jun Lee, Soon Man Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Yaewon Yang, Ki Hyeong Lee, Hye Sook Han
{"title":"胃癌伴腹膜转移的不同免疫抑制肿瘤微环境。","authors":"Hongsik Kim, Minsuk Kwon, Sun Kyung Lee, Seung-Myoung Son, Ok-Jun Lee, Soon Man Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Yaewon Yang, Ki Hyeong Lee, Hye Sook Han","doi":"10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e46","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the standard palliative treatment for gastric cancer. However, peritoneal metastases are often resistant to immunotherapy, underscoring the need to better understand the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the TIME in peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Paired single-cell suspensions from malignant ascites and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 27 patients with gastric cancer for multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Cell-free fluids from malignant ascites and plasma of 15 patients with gastric cancer, along with benign ascites from 15 patients with liver cirrhosis, were analyzed using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paired samples of primary gastric tumors and metastatic peritoneal tumors from 12 patients were evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FACS analysis revealed that T cells in malignant ascites expressed higher levels of immune checkpoint receptors (programmed death-1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, lymphocyte activation gene-3, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), and that CD8⁺ T cells exhibited terminal exhaustion (Eomes<sup>high</sup>T-bet<sup>low</sup>). Multiplex ELISA showed that soluble immunosuppressive factors (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, transforming growth factor-beta 1, hepatocyte growth factor, E-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiopoietin-2) were elevated in malignant ascites. Multiplex IHC showed lower CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell densities in metastatic peritoneal tumors, which predominantly exhibited immunosuppressive TIME subtypes (immune-desert and intrinsic induction).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed distinct peritoneal immunosuppressive TIMEs in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56072,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastric Cancer","volume":"25 4","pages":"605-620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536193/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Distinct Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer With Peritoneal Metastasis.\",\"authors\":\"Hongsik Kim, Minsuk Kwon, Sun Kyung Lee, Seung-Myoung Son, Ok-Jun Lee, Soon Man Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim, Yaewon Yang, Ki Hyeong Lee, Hye Sook Han\",\"doi\":\"10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e46\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the standard palliative treatment for gastric cancer. However, peritoneal metastases are often resistant to immunotherapy, underscoring the need to better understand the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the TIME in peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Paired single-cell suspensions from malignant ascites and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 27 patients with gastric cancer for multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Cell-free fluids from malignant ascites and plasma of 15 patients with gastric cancer, along with benign ascites from 15 patients with liver cirrhosis, were analyzed using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paired samples of primary gastric tumors and metastatic peritoneal tumors from 12 patients were evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FACS analysis revealed that T cells in malignant ascites expressed higher levels of immune checkpoint receptors (programmed death-1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, lymphocyte activation gene-3, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), and that CD8⁺ T cells exhibited terminal exhaustion (Eomes<sup>high</sup>T-bet<sup>low</sup>). Multiplex ELISA showed that soluble immunosuppressive factors (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, transforming growth factor-beta 1, hepatocyte growth factor, E-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiopoietin-2) were elevated in malignant ascites. Multiplex IHC showed lower CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell densities in metastatic peritoneal tumors, which predominantly exhibited immunosuppressive TIME subtypes (immune-desert and intrinsic induction).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed distinct peritoneal immunosuppressive TIMEs in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":56072,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Gastric Cancer\",\"volume\":\"25 4\",\"pages\":\"605-620\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536193/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Gastric Cancer\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e46\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Gastric Cancer","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e46","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Distinct Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer With Peritoneal Metastasis.
Purpose: Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is the standard palliative treatment for gastric cancer. However, peritoneal metastases are often resistant to immunotherapy, underscoring the need to better understand the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the TIME in peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.
Materials and methods: Paired single-cell suspensions from malignant ascites and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 27 patients with gastric cancer for multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Cell-free fluids from malignant ascites and plasma of 15 patients with gastric cancer, along with benign ascites from 15 patients with liver cirrhosis, were analyzed using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paired samples of primary gastric tumors and metastatic peritoneal tumors from 12 patients were evaluated using multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Results: FACS analysis revealed that T cells in malignant ascites expressed higher levels of immune checkpoint receptors (programmed death-1, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, lymphocyte activation gene-3, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), and that CD8⁺ T cells exhibited terminal exhaustion (EomeshighT-betlow). Multiplex ELISA showed that soluble immunosuppressive factors (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, transforming growth factor-beta 1, hepatocyte growth factor, E-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiopoietin-2) were elevated in malignant ascites. Multiplex IHC showed lower CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell densities in metastatic peritoneal tumors, which predominantly exhibited immunosuppressive TIME subtypes (immune-desert and intrinsic induction).
Conclusions: Our results revealed distinct peritoneal immunosuppressive TIMEs in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Gastric Cancer (J Gastric Cancer) is an international peer-reviewed journal. Each issue carries high quality clinical and translational researches on gastric neoplasms. Editorial Board of J Gastric Cancer publishes original articles on pathophysiology, molecular oncology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of gastric cancer as well as articles on dietary control and improving the quality of life for gastric cancer patients. J Gastric Cancer includes case reports, review articles, how I do it articles, editorials, and letters to the editor.
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