A Quick Reference on Hypocalcemia.

This article discusses calcium homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of ionized calcium (iCa) as the active form regulated primarily by parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and other factors. It highlights causes of hypocalcemia, including renal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disorders, and notes that clinical signs-such as neuromuscular excitability and cardiac arrhythmias-often depend on severity and rapidity of onset. Diagnosis involves measuring serum and ionized calcium, with treatment focusing on correcting underlying causes and carefully restoring iCa levels, especially in animals with seizures or severe clinical signs. Monitoring and avoiding overcorrection are essential for effective management.