Public knowledge, attitudes, practices, and key influencing factors regarding cancer screening in Yemen.

Background: Public awareness plays a pivotal role in the effectiveness of cancer screening programs and reducing mortality rates. In Yemen, where cancer incidence is steadily increasing, limited research addresses cancer screening practices comprehensively. Most regional studies focus on specific cancers, such as breast or colorectal cancer, lacking an inclusive perspective. Thus, this study evaluates the Yemeni public's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cancer screening.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a validated survey questionnaire to potential participants using convenience sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic data, knowledge of cancer screening, practice and attitudes toward cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify associations between independent variables and the overall knowledge.

Results: A total of 996 eligible individuals successfully completed the survey. While over half of the participants (52.1%) reported awareness of cancer screening, substantial gaps in understanding were evident, with only 21.4% rated their knowledge as good. Breast cancer screening emerged as the most recognized, while awareness of screenings for lung, colorectal, cervical, and prostate cancers remained minimal. The study also found that 42.9% of participants acknowledged the key benefits of cancer screening, yet fewer than one-third recognized all major cancer prevention strategies. Cancer screening participation was alarmingly low, with 8.5% of participants undergoing any form of screening. Key barriers included financial constraints, lack of awareness, and perceptions of unnecessary screening. Educational attainment, profession, and marital status significantly influenced participants' knowledge levels. Postgraduate participants, healthcare workers, and single individuals demonstrated higher knowledge levels compared to others.

Conclusion: The study reveals a clear gap between awareness and participation in cancer screening, influenced by sociodemographic disparities. Targeted awareness efforts and improved access to screening are urgently needed to address cultural, financial, and systemic barriers.