Nancy Raitano Lee, Goldie A. McQuaid, Haila Jiddou, Jessica McNulty, Hannah E. Grosman, Kamaria T. Tucker, Meghan O'Brien, Gregory L. Wallace
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Medications were coded for their AC potency using the CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale (CALS).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> RESULTS</h3>\n \n <p>Forty percent of the sample was taking at least one medication with a CALS AC potency of ≥1. These individuals were reported to have greater executive function difficulties and more changes in cognition/behavior relative to those not taking AC medications.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> DISCUSSION</h3>\n \n <p>AC medication use may represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive deterioration in adults with DS; more research on this topic, particularly with older adults with DS, is needed.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>Identifying modifiable risk factors for dementia in Down syndrome (DS) is critical.</li>\n \n <li>A risk factor studied in the general population is anticholinergic (AC) medication.</li>\n \n <li>This risk factor has not been studied in DS, a high-risk group.</li>\n \n <li>AC medication use was associated with everyday cognitive challenges in young adults with DS.</li>\n \n <li>Longitudinal studies across adulthood, including older adults with DS, are needed.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516352/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Anticholinergics, executive function, and cognitive/behavioral changes in Down syndrome\",\"authors\":\"Nancy Raitano Lee, Goldie A. 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Anticholinergics, executive function, and cognitive/behavioral changes in Down syndrome
INTRODUCTION
Anticholinergic (AC) medication use is considered a risk factor for cognitive impairment and deterioration in the general population; yet, this has not been examined in Down syndrome (DS), a disorder with high dementia rates.
METHODS
Family members of 108 young adults with DS (18–39 years) reported on their loved one's medication use, executive function, and changes in cognition and behavior using a dementia screener. Medications were coded for their AC potency using the CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale (CALS).
RESULTS
Forty percent of the sample was taking at least one medication with a CALS AC potency of ≥1. These individuals were reported to have greater executive function difficulties and more changes in cognition/behavior relative to those not taking AC medications.
DISCUSSION
AC medication use may represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive deterioration in adults with DS; more research on this topic, particularly with older adults with DS, is needed.
Highlights
Identifying modifiable risk factors for dementia in Down syndrome (DS) is critical.
A risk factor studied in the general population is anticholinergic (AC) medication.
This risk factor has not been studied in DS, a high-risk group.
AC medication use was associated with everyday cognitive challenges in young adults with DS.
Longitudinal studies across adulthood, including older adults with DS, are needed.
期刊介绍：
Alzheimer's & Dementia is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to bridge knowledge gaps in dementia research by covering the entire spectrum, from basic science to clinical trials to social and behavioral investigations. It provides a platform for rapid communication of new findings and ideas, optimal translation of research into practical applications, increasing knowledge across diverse disciplines for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, and identifying promising new research directions. In July 2008, Alzheimer's & Dementia was accepted for indexing by MEDLINE, recognizing its scientific merit and contribution to Alzheimer's research.
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