Innovative scaffold design in biomedical: a comprehensive review of biomaterial integration and 3D printing techniques with emphasis on fused filament fabrication.

This review study looks at the design of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) scaffolds for tissue engineering, emphasizing their significance as supporting structures for tissue regeneration. Scaffolds are seeded with cells or other materials and implanted to promote tissue growth in tissue engineering. The study focuses on how sophisticated scaffolds with precise mechanical properties and improved cell compatibility can be fabricated using advanced additive manufacturing (AM) techniques such stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), low-temperature deposition like digital layer processing (DLP), and FFF. These developments have a major positive impact on the healthcare industry since 3D printing allows for the customisation of medical devices including implants, surgical equipment, and prosthetics, which lowers recuperation periods and enhances therapeutic results. This research examines the integration of different biomaterials and techniques to enhance the mechanical characteristics and porosity of scaffolds, with a specific focus on the usage of FFF in biomedical applications. This paper offers insights into how FFF can be used to create efficient tissue engineering solutions, which is a useful tool for improving scaffold design in biomedical research and applications.