A Pilot Study: Adaptation Phase of the PROMIS Women Education Program—Promoting Cervical Cancer Prevention Methods Among Muslim Women in Virginia

Purpose

The purpose of this comprehensive research project is to address the notable disparities in cervical cancer prevention experienced by Muslim women in Virginia, compared with non-Muslim women. Low participation in prevention and control activities, such as cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, often leads to their diagnosis with late-stage cervical cancer. The long-term research goal is to develop a culturally appropriate and religiously adapted intervention program to promote cervical cancer screening and prevention among Muslim women. Driven by an integrative conceptual model, the primary aim is to adapt existing evidence-based educational materials to create a religiously adapted and culturally appropriate intervention program to improve cancer screening rates among Muslim women in the U.S.

Methods

The study adapted existing evidence-based educational materials to fit religious and cultural contexts, facilitated through focus group sessions with 10 Muslim women aged 18 and older. Additionally, interviews with five Muslim religious leaders provided feedback on the materials. The PEN-3 model was employed to categorize and analyze cultural factors influencing health behaviors.

Results

Preliminary findings from the thematic analysis, structured around the three domains of cultural identity, relationships, and expectations, and cultural empowerment, indicated a strong positive reception and increased awareness among participants. Key themes identified include the importance of culturally sensitive health messages, the influential role of community leaders, and the need for educational materials that consider cultural and gender dynamics. Data saturation was reached after the second focus group session, as no new themes emerged in participating discussions. Additionally, the Community Advisory Board (CAB) actively participated in the refinement process by reviewing the educational materials alongside the research team, ensuring that the content was culturally appropriate and aligned with community needs. Participants demonstrated a heightened readiness to engage in preventive behaviors, highlighting the effectiveness of a culturally tailored educational approach.