Empowering sustainable public transportation: Addressing barriers and driving the electric bus revolution

Transportation economics plays a vital role in shaping sustainable mobility solutions by analyzing cost structures, investment strategies, and policy impacts on transportation systems. In this context, electric buses (EBs) emerge as a promising solution for achieving carbon neutrality in public transportation, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fuel-based transit systems while enhancing economic efficiency in the long run. EBs play a crucial role in reducing urban emissions and lowering operational costs associated with fossil fuel dependency. However, in India, the adoption of EBs is still in its early stages due to several significant barriers. To address these challenges, this study has identified 18 barriers through a comprehensive review of the literature and expert opinions, aiming to provide insights and strategies for overcoming these barriers and promoting the widespread use of EBs in the country. This study employed a three-step model involving DEMATEL, ISM, and MICMAC approaches to examine the cause-effect relationship between the barriers and further identify the main influential barriers. The results indicate that financial planning obstacles, inadequate subsidies, and public perception are the most influential barriers. Policymakers should prioritize eliminating these barriers to ensure the effective implementation of EBs in India.