Enhanced piezoelectric performance of multilayered piezoelectric nanogenerator based on the PVDF/PZT/graphene Electrospun for IoT-based remote monitoring

This research focused on improving the performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators by utilizing a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) design that combines stacked piezoelectric electrospun nanofibers with conductive layers placed between them. A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/unmodified graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) based multilayered structure (MLS) was produced as a parallel connection using a layer-by-layer assembly technique. At a vibrational frequency of 20 Hz, under a resistance load of 50 kΩ, the four-layered PNG reached an open-circuit voltage of 0.18 V(V_RMS), a maximum electrical power of 0.166 µW (P_RMS) by drawing a current of 1.82 µA (I_RMS). The four-layered PNG, which exhibits high capacitance and low impedance characteristics, has increased the full charging voltage (3.96 V) to 80% compared to a single-layered PNG (2.2 V). Furthermore, the electrical power obtained from the four-layered PNG was approximately 4.38 times higher than the single-layered one. The resulting multilayered PNG (M-PNG) can be utilized effectively in self-powered wireless e-health systems for detecting human movement.