Recent advances in two-dimensional MXene membranes for emerging nanofiltration applications: A review

MXene-based nanofiltration membranes show great potential for removing emerging contaminants from water. MXene is a novel two-dimensional material that offers a high surface area, tunable interlayer spacing, and hydrophilicity, making it well-suited for filtering a wide range of pollutants. The incorporation of MXene into composite membranes also enhances their mechanical strength, permeability, and antifouling properties. Additionally, the transition metal content in MXene can contribute to photocatalytic activity when coupled with conducting materials or semiconductors, thereby enhancing the membrane's self-cleaning abilities. Various strategies, such as surface functionalization and intercalation, are used to optimize MXene-based membranes. This review provides an overview of MXene-based membranes and their modification for the removal of various emerging contaminants, offering insights into their potential applications and performance.