Study on the luminescent characteristics and energy transfer of borosilicate glass co-doped with Dy3+, Tm3+, and Eu3+ under ultraviolet illumination

The SiO₂–B₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–CaO (SBBC) luminous glass samples, co-doped with Tm³⁺, Dy³⁺, and Eu³⁺ ions, were prepared. Upon 362 nm stimulation, the co-activated SBBC glasses exhibited distinct spectral transitions corresponding to Tm³⁺:¹D₂→³F₄, Dy³⁺: ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_15/2, _13/2, as well as Eu³⁺: ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ in the 400–700 nm. Moreover, the study identified two significant energy transfer mechanisms, Dy³⁺→Tm³⁺ and Dy³⁺→Eu³⁺, which contribute to the enhanced photoluminescence of the glasses. The optimal CIE coordinates were determined to be (0.3312, 0.3436), with CCT of 5552 K, as well as color purity of 2.55 %. Importantly, an investigation into the thermal stability of selected glass revealed an impressive ΔT of 140 °C. This study shows the potential value of glass in the field of W-LED.