Epistemological challenges at data-theory intersection

This paper examines the epistemological challenges arising from the integration of data-intensive methods in tourism research. By focusing on the tensions between traditional theory-driven approaches, and the incorporation of data-driven and model-driven methods, this conceptual study explores how the growing popularity of data influences theory development and the generalisability of findings. Furthermore, this paper outlines a conceptual framework that integrates data-driven and model-driven approaches with tourism research. Rather than presenting a fully elaborated model, it offers guiding dimensions to help researchers navigate data-intensive studies while maintaining scientific rigor and ethical integrity. Emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the use of flexible theoretical constructs, this study advocates for a balanced approach that merges domain knowledge with data exploration to ensure robust applications in this rapidly evolving landscape.