Single cell analysis for medicine research: A review

This paper reviews the application and progress of single-cell analysis in biomedical studies. Unlike traditional bulk cell analysis, single-cell technologies overcome previous limitations and markedly enhance both accuracy and efficiency through high-throughput sequencing approaches, offering solutions to many pressing medical challenges. Historically, the use of this method was constrained by high costs; however, ongoing advances in technology, innovation, and cost reduction have made it feasible to analyze individual cells in a reliable and economical way across diverse research areas. Furthermore, the integration and sharing of databases now enable researchers to generate novel insights from existing data and to repeatedly address different scientific questions. From a broader perspective, the evolution of single-cell analysis is examined here with emphasis on technological advances, potential applications, and its critical role in guiding diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for a wide range of diseases.