处理可再生能源整合:比利时和法国平衡系统的比较研究

IF 14.2 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
M. Richard , B. Solier
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引用次数: 0

摘要

可再生能源的兴起给输电系统运营商(tso)带来了新的实时灵活性挑战,影响了备用能源的需求。与此同时,被动和主动的平衡哲学继续在欧洲共存。它们的主要区别在于向平衡责任方(brp)提供激励,以支持TSO积极维护系统平衡,在被动方法下预期会有更大的参与。虽然在欧洲层面上有对被动模式的协调推动,但本研究分析了可再生能源对两个国家储备能源需求的影响,这两个国家依赖于对比平衡方法:比利时的被动系统和法国的主动系统,后者正在过渡到符合欧盟指令。使用2021年数据的SARIMAX模型,我们发现可再生能源对储备能源需求的不对称影响,特别是导致向下激活的增加,以应对生产过剩的时刻。它证实了在法国已经观察到的模式,但允许将观察扩展到一个非常不同的平衡模式,比利时的模式。此外,这一比较框架突出了比利时反应模式在缓解不对称效应方面的更大能力。重要的是,我们表明,在比利时观察到的这种平滑效果与TSO相对于负载的较低平衡成本有关。最后,我们确定了市场设计的发展,将减轻这两个系统中的不对称现象。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dealing with renewables integration: A comparative study of Belgian and French balancing systems
The rise of renewable energy creates new real-time flexibility challenges for Transmission System Operators (TSOs), affecting the demand for reserve energy. In parallel, reactive and proactive balancing philosophies continue to coexist in Europe. They differ primarily in the incentives provided to Balancing Responsible Parties (BRPs) to support the TSO in actively maintaining system balance, with greater involvement expected under the reactive approach. While there is a harmonization push at the European level towards the reactive model, this study analyzes the impact of renewables on reserve energy demand in two countries relying on contrasting balancing approaches: Belgium’s reactive system and France’s proactive system, which is transitioning to comply with EU directives. Using a SARIMAX model on 2021 data, we find an asymmetrical effect of renewables on reserve energy needs, leading particularly to an increase in downward activation to cope with moments of overproduction. It confirms a pattern already observed in the French context but allows for extending the observation to a very different balancing model, the Belgian one. Additionally, this comparative framework highlights the Belgian reactive model’s greater ability to mitigate the asymmetrical effect. Importantly, we show that this smoother effect observed in Belgium is associated with a lower balancing cost for the TSO relative to load. Finally, we identify market design developments that would mitigate the asymmetric phenomenon in both systems.
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来源期刊
Energy Economics
Energy Economics ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
18.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
524
期刊介绍: Energy Economics is a field journal that focuses on energy economics and energy finance. It covers various themes including the exploitation, conversion, and use of energy, markets for energy commodities and derivatives, regulation and taxation, forecasting, environment and climate, international trade, development, and monetary policy. The journal welcomes contributions that utilize diverse methods such as experiments, surveys, econometrics, decomposition, simulation models, equilibrium models, optimization models, and analytical models. It publishes a combination of papers employing different methods to explore a wide range of topics. The journal's replication policy encourages the submission of replication studies, wherein researchers reproduce and extend the key results of original studies while explaining any differences. Energy Economics is indexed and abstracted in several databases including Environmental Abstracts, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation Index, GEOBASE, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Journal of Economic Literature, INSPEC, and more.
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