Miao Xu, Jialin Li, Ying Peng, Fengmei Xu, Qidong Zheng, Yufan Wang, Tingyu Ke, Dong Zhao, Yuancheng Dai, Qijuan Dong, Bangqun Ji, Juan Shi, Yifei Zhang, Li Li, Weiqing Wang
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The effect of online tools was evaluated by the change in HbA1c, with additional stratified analyses in subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, 12528 patients with T2DM were followed for a median of 15.88 (7.10, 24.27) months, the AOT group demonstrated better control of HbA1c (-0.90 [-2.60, 0.00] % vs. -0.70 [-2.20, 0.10] %, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and a greater reduction in body mass index (-0.34 ± 1.68 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs. -0.13 ± 1.55 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and Visceral fat area (VFA) (-5.33 ± 30.95 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -3.97 ± 26.11 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.009), compared to the non-AOT group, and the high-frequency AOT group achieved a more significant HbA1c reduction than the low-frequency AOT group (-1.50 [-3.60, -0.30] % vs. -0.80 [-2.38, 0.10] %, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a greater reduction in VFA (-7.07 ± 30.32 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -4.90 ± 31.10 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.010) after adjustment. Stratification analyses revealed greater HbA1c reductions in those with younger age, lower education level or poor HbA1c control at baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MMC online tools significantly improve metabolic outcomes, particularly for T2DM patients with younger age, lower education levels or poor baseline HbA1c control. They offer a scalable and effective model for out-of-hospital diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":93874,"journal":{"name":"Annals of medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"2563751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effectiveness of metabolic management centers online tools in patients with type 2 diabetes.\",\"authors\":\"Miao Xu, Jialin Li, Ying Peng, Fengmei Xu, Qidong Zheng, Yufan Wang, Tingyu Ke, Dong Zhao, Yuancheng Dai, Qijuan Dong, Bangqun Ji, Juan Shi, Yifei Zhang, Li Li, Weiqing Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/07853890.2025.2563751\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the value of National Metabolic Management Centers (MMC) specialized online tools, for the maintenance of metabolic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>This retrospective study enrolled T2DM patients from 10 MMCs (June 2017-April 2021) and divided into non- and application of online tools (non-AOT and AOT) groups.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the characteristics of patients between groups. The effect of online tools was evaluated by the change in HbA1c, with additional stratified analyses in subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, 12528 patients with T2DM were followed for a median of 15.88 (7.10, 24.27) months, the AOT group demonstrated better control of HbA1c (-0.90 [-2.60, 0.00] % vs. -0.70 [-2.20, 0.10] %, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), and a greater reduction in body mass index (-0.34 ± 1.68 kg/m<sup>2</sup> vs. -0.13 ± 1.55 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and Visceral fat area (VFA) (-5.33 ± 30.95 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -3.97 ± 26.11 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.009), compared to the non-AOT group, and the high-frequency AOT group achieved a more significant HbA1c reduction than the low-frequency AOT group (-1.50 [-3.60, -0.30] % vs. -0.80 [-2.38, 0.10] %, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and a greater reduction in VFA (-7.07 ± 30.32 cm<sup>2</sup> vs. -4.90 ± 31.10 cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.010) after adjustment. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：评估国家代谢管理中心（MMC）专业在线工具在维持2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者代谢控制方面的价值。患者：这项回顾性研究纳入了10名mmc的T2DM患者（2017年6月- 2021年4月），并分为非在线工具组和应用在线工具组（非AOT组和AOT组）。测量方法：使用倾向评分匹配（PSM）来平衡组间患者的特征。通过HbA1c的变化评估在线工具的效果，并对亚组进行额外的分层分析。结果:PSM后,12528例2型糖尿病患者平均随访15.88(7.10,24.27)个月,AOT集团展示了更好的控制的糖化血红蛋白(-0.90[-2.60,0.00]%与-0.70 (-2.20,0.10)%,p 2和-0.13±1.55 kg / m2, p 2和-3.97±26.11厘米2,p = 0.009),相比non-AOT组,高频AOT集团取得了更重要的糖化血红蛋白减少比低频AOT组(-1.50[-3.60,-0.30]%与-0.80 (-2.38,0.10)%,p 2和-4.90±31.10平方厘米,P = 0.010)。分层分析显示，年龄较小、受教育程度较低或基线时HbA1c控制较差的患者HbA1c降低幅度较大。结论：MMC在线工具可显著改善代谢结果，特别是对于年龄较小、受教育程度较低或基线HbA1c控制较差的T2DM患者。它们为院外糖尿病护理提供了一种可扩展且有效的模式。
Effectiveness of metabolic management centers online tools in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Objectives: To assess the value of National Metabolic Management Centers (MMC) specialized online tools, for the maintenance of metabolic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Patients: This retrospective study enrolled T2DM patients from 10 MMCs (June 2017-April 2021) and divided into non- and application of online tools (non-AOT and AOT) groups.
Measurements: Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the characteristics of patients between groups. The effect of online tools was evaluated by the change in HbA1c, with additional stratified analyses in subgroups.
Results: After PSM, 12528 patients with T2DM were followed for a median of 15.88 (7.10, 24.27) months, the AOT group demonstrated better control of HbA1c (-0.90 [-2.60, 0.00] % vs. -0.70 [-2.20, 0.10] %, p < 0.0001), and a greater reduction in body mass index (-0.34 ± 1.68 kg/m2 vs. -0.13 ± 1.55 kg/m2, p < 0.0001) and Visceral fat area (VFA) (-5.33 ± 30.95 cm2 vs. -3.97 ± 26.11 cm2, p = 0.009), compared to the non-AOT group, and the high-frequency AOT group achieved a more significant HbA1c reduction than the low-frequency AOT group (-1.50 [-3.60, -0.30] % vs. -0.80 [-2.38, 0.10] %, p < 0.0001) and a greater reduction in VFA (-7.07 ± 30.32 cm2 vs. -4.90 ± 31.10 cm2, p = 0.010) after adjustment. Stratification analyses revealed greater HbA1c reductions in those with younger age, lower education level or poor HbA1c control at baseline.
Conclusions: MMC online tools significantly improve metabolic outcomes, particularly for T2DM patients with younger age, lower education levels or poor baseline HbA1c control. They offer a scalable and effective model for out-of-hospital diabetes care.
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