Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum in a preterm neonate: a case report highlighting early recognition and surgical management.

Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum (AFA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by fine bands of tissue connecting the upper and lower eyelids, potentially obstructing vision if left untreated. We report a case of a preterm male neonate born at 33 weeks and 4 days of gestation via emergency cesarean section due to maternal preeclampsia. On examination, the infant had bilateral eyelid fusion consistent with AFA, confirmed by ophthalmologic evaluation. Surgical division of the adhesions was performed under general anesthesia with no complications. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up confirmed clear corneas and normal ocular structures. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt surgical management of AFA to prevent visual deprivation, particularly in preterm infants. It also underscores the need to assess for possible syndromic associations, although this case appeared isolated. Awareness of AFA among neonatologists and ophthalmologists can support timely diagnosis and intervention.