{"title":"法老乌贼墨汁多糖的定量、抗氧化、硅分子对接及抗肝癌活性研究","authors":"Sandhanam Kuppusamy, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Abarnadevika Alagiri, Sumithra Mohan, Ram Kumar Sahu, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Chitra Vellapandian","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Sepia pharaonis</i>, a marine cuttlefish, contains bioactive compounds such as posterior salivary gland toxin with medicinal potential, though its pharmacological effects are largely unknown<i>.</i> This research is one of the first comprehensive studies to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer effects of <i>sepia</i> ink against chemically induced HCC in rats, integrating in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico approaches. These findings suggest <i>Sepia</i> ink polysaccharides (SIP) could provide a low-toxicity, multi-targeted therapeutic option for HCC, potentially overcoming limitations of current standard treatments like drug resistance and organ toxicity. This study investigates <i>Sepia</i> ink's chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer potential. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbitone (PB). SIP were administered intraperitoneally at high doses (400 mg/kg), and its effects on body weight, liver marker enzymes, antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), phase I metabolizing enzymes, and macromolecular damage in the liver were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In-vitro studies on HepG2 cells demonstrated an IC<sub>50</sub> > 80 μM. Histopathological and biochemical analyses confirmed SIP’s dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, restoring altered parameters to near-normal levels. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed seven bioactive compounds in SIP. In-silico studies identified Fucoidan Ligand-7 as a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 receptor, with a binding energy of −14.54 kcal/mol. Western blot analysis showed significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) level in SIP-treated HCC rats. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver tumor biomarker, was significantly reduced in the SIP-treated group compared to the DEN-induced group.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These findings highlight SIP’s hepatoprotective and anticancer potential, suggesting its therapeutic value against DEN-induced HCC and its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense system.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Quantification, antioxidant, in-silico molecular docking and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Sepia ink polysaccharides prepared from Sepia pharaonis\",\"authors\":\"Sandhanam Kuppusamy, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Abarnadevika Alagiri, Sumithra Mohan, Ram Kumar Sahu, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Chitra Vellapandian\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><i>Sepia pharaonis</i>, a marine cuttlefish, contains bioactive compounds such as posterior salivary gland toxin with medicinal potential, though its pharmacological effects are largely unknown<i>.</i> This research is one of the first comprehensive studies to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer effects of <i>sepia</i> ink against chemically induced HCC in rats, integrating in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico approaches. These findings suggest <i>Sepia</i> ink polysaccharides (SIP) could provide a low-toxicity, multi-targeted therapeutic option for HCC, potentially overcoming limitations of current standard treatments like drug resistance and organ toxicity. This study investigates <i>Sepia</i> ink's chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer potential. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbitone (PB). SIP were administered intraperitoneally at high doses (400 mg/kg), and its effects on body weight, liver marker enzymes, antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), phase I metabolizing enzymes, and macromolecular damage in the liver were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In-vitro studies on HepG2 cells demonstrated an IC<sub>50</sub> > 80 μM. Histopathological and biochemical analyses confirmed SIP’s dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, restoring altered parameters to near-normal levels. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed seven bioactive compounds in SIP. In-silico studies identified Fucoidan Ligand-7 as a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 receptor, with a binding energy of −14.54 kcal/mol. Western blot analysis showed significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) level in SIP-treated HCC rats. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver tumor biomarker, was significantly reduced in the SIP-treated group compared to the DEN-induced group.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>These findings highlight SIP’s hepatoprotective and anticancer potential, suggesting its therapeutic value against DEN-induced HCC and its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense system.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":577,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43094-025-00899-z","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantification, antioxidant, in-silico molecular docking and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Sepia ink polysaccharides prepared from Sepia pharaonis
Background
Sepia pharaonis, a marine cuttlefish, contains bioactive compounds such as posterior salivary gland toxin with medicinal potential, though its pharmacological effects are largely unknown. This research is one of the first comprehensive studies to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer effects of sepia ink against chemically induced HCC in rats, integrating in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico approaches. These findings suggest Sepia ink polysaccharides (SIP) could provide a low-toxicity, multi-targeted therapeutic option for HCC, potentially overcoming limitations of current standard treatments like drug resistance and organ toxicity. This study investigates Sepia ink's chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer potential. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbitone (PB). SIP were administered intraperitoneally at high doses (400 mg/kg), and its effects on body weight, liver marker enzymes, antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), phase I metabolizing enzymes, and macromolecular damage in the liver were evaluated.
Results
In-vitro studies on HepG2 cells demonstrated an IC50 > 80 μM. Histopathological and biochemical analyses confirmed SIP’s dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, restoring altered parameters to near-normal levels. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed seven bioactive compounds in SIP. In-silico studies identified Fucoidan Ligand-7 as a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 receptor, with a binding energy of −14.54 kcal/mol. Western blot analysis showed significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in SIP-treated HCC rats. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver tumor biomarker, was significantly reduced in the SIP-treated group compared to the DEN-induced group.
Discussion
These findings highlight SIP’s hepatoprotective and anticancer potential, suggesting its therapeutic value against DEN-induced HCC and its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense system.
期刊介绍：
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FJPS) is the official journal of the Future University in Egypt. It is a peer-reviewed, open access journal which publishes original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of pharmaceutical sciences and technologies, pharmacy practice and related clinical aspects, and pharmacy education. The journal publishes articles covering developments in drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics, drug delivery systems, drug targeting and nano-technology. It also covers development of new systems, methods and techniques in pharmacy education and practice. The scope of the journal also extends to cover advancements in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.
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