Fengyin Jiang, He Fei, Lina Yang, Rujun Chen, Liwen Zhang
{"title":"E2F2作为潜在的预后生物标志物及其在浆液性卵巢癌中的致癌作用的综合分析和实验验证。","authors":"Fengyin Jiang, He Fei, Lina Yang, Rujun Chen, Liwen Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmolb.2025.1661558","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the prognostic role of E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) in serous ovarian cancers (SOCs) and explored its biological functions, immune cell infiltration links, and therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Integrating TCGA/Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, we used bioinformatics tools (ssGSEA, Immunophenoscore, and oncoPredict) to analyze pathways and treatment responses. Validation involved RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, cytotoxicity, and transwell assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E2F2 was upregulated in SOC tumors, correlating with poorer overall/disease-free survival and higher tumor grade. Five cell-cycle-related genes (<i>ORC1</i>, <i>RAD54L</i>, <i>CCNF</i>, <i>NCAPH</i>, and <i>HASPIN</i>) showed strong co-expression. A pathway analysis of 808 differentially expressed genes linked E2F2 to immune cell recruitment, including CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, NK cells, and Tregs; low E2F2 levels were associated with higher immune scores. High E2F2 predicted sensitivity to chemotherapy/targeted therapy, while low E2F2 correlated with anti-CTLA4 responsiveness. <i>In vitro</i>, E2F2 promoted metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High E2F2 expression marks poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in SOCs and thus acts as an independent risk factor. It may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, patient stratification, and guiding personalized therapy. Further research could enhance SOC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12465,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","volume":"12 ","pages":"1661558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501506/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Integrated analysis and experimental validation of E2F2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and its oncogenic roles in serous ovarian cancer.\",\"authors\":\"Fengyin Jiang, He Fei, Lina Yang, Rujun Chen, Liwen Zhang\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fmolb.2025.1661558\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the prognostic role of E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) in serous ovarian cancers (SOCs) and explored its biological functions, immune cell infiltration links, and therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Integrating TCGA/Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, we used bioinformatics tools (ssGSEA, Immunophenoscore, and oncoPredict) to analyze pathways and treatment responses. Validation involved RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, cytotoxicity, and transwell assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E2F2 was upregulated in SOC tumors, correlating with poorer overall/disease-free survival and higher tumor grade. Five cell-cycle-related genes (<i>ORC1</i>, <i>RAD54L</i>, <i>CCNF</i>, <i>NCAPH</i>, and <i>HASPIN</i>) showed strong co-expression. A pathway analysis of 808 differentially expressed genes linked E2F2 to immune cell recruitment, including CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, NK cells, and Tregs; low E2F2 levels were associated with higher immune scores. High E2F2 predicted sensitivity to chemotherapy/targeted therapy, while low E2F2 correlated with anti-CTLA4 responsiveness. <i>In vitro</i>, E2F2 promoted metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High E2F2 expression marks poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in SOCs and thus acts as an independent risk factor. It may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, patient stratification, and guiding personalized therapy. Further research could enhance SOC management.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12465,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences\",\"volume\":\"12 \",\"pages\":\"1661558\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501506/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1661558\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2025.1661558","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrated analysis and experimental validation of E2F2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and its oncogenic roles in serous ovarian cancer.
Background: This study evaluated the prognostic role of E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) in serous ovarian cancers (SOCs) and explored its biological functions, immune cell infiltration links, and therapeutic implications.
Methods: Integrating TCGA/Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, we used bioinformatics tools (ssGSEA, Immunophenoscore, and oncoPredict) to analyze pathways and treatment responses. Validation involved RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, cytotoxicity, and transwell assays.
Results: E2F2 was upregulated in SOC tumors, correlating with poorer overall/disease-free survival and higher tumor grade. Five cell-cycle-related genes (ORC1, RAD54L, CCNF, NCAPH, and HASPIN) showed strong co-expression. A pathway analysis of 808 differentially expressed genes linked E2F2 to immune cell recruitment, including CD4+ T cells, NK cells, and Tregs; low E2F2 levels were associated with higher immune scores. High E2F2 predicted sensitivity to chemotherapy/targeted therapy, while low E2F2 correlated with anti-CTLA4 responsiveness. In vitro, E2F2 promoted metastasis.
Conclusion: High E2F2 expression marks poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in SOCs and thus acts as an independent risk factor. It may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, patient stratification, and guiding personalized therapy. Further research could enhance SOC management.
期刊介绍：
Much of contemporary investigation in the life sciences is devoted to the molecular-scale understanding of the relationships between genes and the environment — in particular, dynamic alterations in the levels, modifications, and interactions of cellular effectors, including proteins. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences offers an international publication platform for basic as well as applied research; we encourage contributions spanning both established and emerging areas of biology. To this end, the journal draws from empirical disciplines such as structural biology, enzymology, biochemistry, and biophysics, capitalizing as well on the technological advancements that have enabled metabolomics and proteomics measurements in massively parallel throughput, and the development of robust and innovative computational biology strategies. We also recognize influences from medicine and technology, welcoming studies in molecular genetics, molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, and nanotechnology.
Our ultimate objective is the comprehensive illustration of the molecular mechanisms regulating proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and small metabolites in organisms across all branches of life.
In addition to interesting new findings, techniques, and applications, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences will consider new testable hypotheses to inspire different perspectives and stimulate scientific dialogue. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches will benefit endeavors across all domains of the life sciences.
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