Synthesis, Properties, and Typical Applications of MXene-Based Heterostructure Materials

Since their discovery in 2011, MXenes have emerged as a key component among two-dimensional materials. Heterostructure materials based on MXenes have attracted significant attention due to their diverse architectures and unique optoelectronic properties. They exhibit tunable optoelectronic bandgaps, exceptional electrochemical activity, superior mechanical properties, favorable biocompatibility, and efficient charge transport characteristics, making them ideal for constructing high-performance optoelectronic and energy-related devices. However, the properties and functions of MXene heterostructure materials shown in specific applications are still unique and need to be explored. Herein, the paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in MXene heterostructure materials across multiple applications, spanning optoelectronic devices, energy storage systems, and catalytic platforms. The electrical and optical properties of MXenes and their influencing factors are elaborated in detail. The principal types of MXene-based heterostructures and the advantages of synthesis approaches are introduced. The design concepts and working mechanisms of MXene heterostructures in specific applications over the past 3 years are summarized, encompassing electrochemical energy storage, optical/electric sensors, optical/electric catalysis, photovoltaic cells, and healthcare. Finally, the proposals and perspectives for current challenges and future development orientations of MXene heterostructure materials in these optical/electrical devices are proposed.