Facile preparation of high internal phase emulsion co-stabilized by like-charged chitosan nanoparticle and cationic surfactant at very low dosages

Fabricating high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) via centrifugation usually demands large emulsifier/stabilizer dosages. This study presented an efficient method for preparing HIPEs using ultra-low doses of like-charged chitosan nanoparticles and ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE). The unique interfacial structure of the system enabled it to withstand centrifugal forces of up to 10,000 g, forming HIPEs with small droplets and oil phase fractions up to 91 %. HIPEs produced with higher LAE content under moderate centrifugation showed enhanced long-term stability. The resulting HIPEs effectively encapsulated β-carotene, improving its resistance to thermal and UV degradation, and demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Residual chitosan nanoparticles were recyclable, supporting sustainable, cost-effective production. This approach offers a promising way to prepare stable food-grade HIPEs with reduced stabilizer requirements.