Fatimah Javaid Qureshi, Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Mehnaz Omer, Sanober Hameed, Saqibah Rehman
{"title":"生长激素缺乏儿童心血管动脉粥样硬化的风险评估。","authors":"Fatimah Javaid Qureshi, Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Mehnaz Omer, Sanober Hameed, Saqibah Rehman","doi":"10.29271/jcpsp.2025.10.1284","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess cardiovascular atherogenic risk in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by comparing lipid profiles and plasma atherogenic indices (PAI) with those of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to July 2024.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Ninety children with short stature, aged 3-12 years were evaluated. They were categorised into the growth hormone-deficient group (GHD group) and the healthy control group (Control group) based on the insulin tolerance test, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels. Fasting lipid profiles were assessed, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-HDL cholesterol. The PAI was calculated as log (TG/HDL). Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between the two groups, whilst the Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 90 participants, 48 exhibited GHD and 42 were healthy. Children with GHD showed markedly increased TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and PAI values (p <0.001). Their HDL levels were also reduced compared with those of the healthy controls. A substantial proportion of GHD children (77.8%) were classified as high-risk based on PAI, whilst 100% of those with elevated non-HDL cholesterol were GHD. Atherogenic lipid parameters demonstrated a negative correlation with IGF-1 levels (p <0.001). IGF-1 concentrations correlated favourably with GH and HDL basal concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with GHD exhibited dyslipidaemia and elevated atherogenic risk markers, indicating a predisposition to premature atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Cardiovascular disease, Growth hormone, Dyslipidaemia, Plasma atherogenic indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":94116,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP","volume":"35 10","pages":"1284-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Atherogenicity in Growth Hormone-Deficient Children.\",\"authors\":\"Fatimah Javaid Qureshi, Muhammad Anwar, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Mehnaz Omer, Sanober Hameed, Saqibah Rehman\",\"doi\":\"10.29271/jcpsp.2025.10.1284\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess cardiovascular atherogenic risk in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by comparing lipid profiles and plasma atherogenic indices (PAI) with those of healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to July 2024.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Ninety children with short stature, aged 3-12 years were evaluated. They were categorised into the growth hormone-deficient group (GHD group) and the healthy control group (Control group) based on the insulin tolerance test, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels. Fasting lipid profiles were assessed, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-HDL cholesterol. The PAI was calculated as log (TG/HDL). Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between the two groups, whilst the Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 90 participants, 48 exhibited GHD and 42 were healthy. Children with GHD showed markedly increased TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and PAI values (p <0.001). Their HDL levels were also reduced compared with those of the healthy controls. A substantial proportion of GHD children (77.8%) were classified as high-risk based on PAI, whilst 100% of those with elevated non-HDL cholesterol were GHD. Atherogenic lipid parameters demonstrated a negative correlation with IGF-1 levels (p <0.001). IGF-1 concentrations correlated favourably with GH and HDL basal concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with GHD exhibited dyslipidaemia and elevated atherogenic risk markers, indicating a predisposition to premature atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Cardiovascular disease, Growth hormone, Dyslipidaemia, Plasma atherogenic indices.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94116,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP\",\"volume\":\"35 10\",\"pages\":\"1284-1288\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2025.10.1284\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2025.10.1284","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：通过与健康对照比较生长激素缺乏症（GHD）患儿血脂和血浆动脉粥样硬化指数（PAI），评估其心血管动脉粥样硬化风险。研究设计：比较横断面研究。研究地点和时间：2024年2月至7月，巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第武装部队病理研究所化学病理学系。方法：对90名身高3-12岁的儿童进行评价。根据胰岛素耐量试验、IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平将他们分为生长激素缺乏组（GHD组）和健康对照组（control group）。评估空腹脂质谱，包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和非HDL胆固醇。PAI以log （TG/HDL）计算。数据分析采用SPSS version 23。两组间连续变量比较采用独立t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验，分类变量比较采用卡方检验。p≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：90例受试者中48例出现GHD， 42例健康。GHD患儿的TC、TG、LDL、非hdl胆固醇和PAI值均显著升高(p)。结论：GHD患儿血脂异常，动脉粥样硬化危险标志物升高，提示过早动脉粥样硬化易感性。关键词：心血管疾病，生长激素，血脂异常，血浆粥样硬化指标。
Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Atherogenicity in Growth Hormone-Deficient Children.
Objective: To assess cardiovascular atherogenic risk in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by comparing lipid profiles and plasma atherogenic indices (PAI) with those of healthy controls.
Study design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Chemical Pathology, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from February to July 2024.
Methodology: Ninety children with short stature, aged 3-12 years were evaluated. They were categorised into the growth hormone-deficient group (GHD group) and the healthy control group (Control group) based on the insulin tolerance test, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels. Fasting lipid profiles were assessed, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and non-HDL cholesterol. The PAI was calculated as log (TG/HDL). Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between the two groups, whilst the Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05.
Results: Among the 90 participants, 48 exhibited GHD and 42 were healthy. Children with GHD showed markedly increased TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and PAI values (p <0.001). Their HDL levels were also reduced compared with those of the healthy controls. A substantial proportion of GHD children (77.8%) were classified as high-risk based on PAI, whilst 100% of those with elevated non-HDL cholesterol were GHD. Atherogenic lipid parameters demonstrated a negative correlation with IGF-1 levels (p <0.001). IGF-1 concentrations correlated favourably with GH and HDL basal concentrations.
Conclusion: Children with GHD exhibited dyslipidaemia and elevated atherogenic risk markers, indicating a predisposition to premature atherosclerosis.
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